02. Factors impacting health status and health and wellbeing

Question 1

High levels of poverty in low income countries limits the ability to…

Answer 1

AFFORD
- food
- education
- healthcare
- shelter/housing

Question 2

Underdeveloped healthcare systems limit access to…

Answer 2

• healthcare services to treat disease
• healthcare services to prevent disease
• specialized healthcare services

Question 3

Underdeveloped education systems in low income countries can lead to …

Answer 3

• Lower levels of health literacy i.e. how to prevent disease
• Lower literacy rates limiting opportunities for meaningful employment in the future i.e. well paid job of choice

Question 4

Lack of access to safe water in low income countries can lead to …

Answer 4

transmission of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid.

Question 5

Lack of access to sanitation can lead to…

Answer 5

• increased risk of diarrhoeal disease e.g. cholera
• lower school attendance esp. for females and esp. when menstruating

Question 6

Low levels of poverty in high income countries

Answer 6

Increases the ability to AFFORD
- food
- education
- healthcare
- shelter/housing

Question 7

Decreased access to medical technology such as vaccinations, decreased access to specialists and sterilised equipment are found in …

Answer 7

Underdeveloped healthcare systems in low income countries

Question 8

Less knowledge on how to lead healthy and productive lives, lack of knowledge on how to prevent diseases such as HIV are outcomes from…

Answer 8

Underdeveloped education systems

Question 9

What are examples of healthcare services to treat disease

Answer 9

• antibiotics for infection
• oral rehydration therapy for diarrhoeal disease
• surgery in sanitary environment e.g. heart surgery

Question 10

What are examples of healthcare services to prevent disease

Answer 10

• vaccinations for communicable diseases such as measles
• condoms to prevent STIs such as HIV/AIDS

Question 11

What are healthcare systems?

Answer 11

All the organisations, institutions, resources and people whose primary purpose is to improve health

Question 12

What are education systems?

Answer 12

The structure of all institutions and the opportunities for obtaining education within a country.

Question 13

Underdeveloped education systems limit access to…

Answer 13

• learning literacy and numeracy skills
• learning health related knowledge and skills
• learning knowledge and skills to lead to meaningful employment i.e. well-paying job of choice such as teacher, nurse, builder, chef

Question 14

What is safe water?

Answer 14

Water NOT contaminated with disease-causing pathogens e.g. bacteria, viruses or chemicals = ‘safe for (human) consumption’

Question 15

Safe and readily available water is important for:

Answer 15

• drinking
• domestic use e.g. cooking and cleaning such as washing dishes
• bathing
• healthcare services
• food production e.g. in factories such as flour mills
• agriculture
• recreational purposes e.g. swimming

Question 16

Contaminated water contributes to transmission of waterborne, communicable diseases, particularly diarrhoeal diseases such as…

Answer 16

• cholera
• dysentery
• typhoid

Question 17

What are the main barriers to addressing water problems in low-income countries ?

Answer 17

• poverty
• the cost of infrastructure e.g. building and running water treatment facilities, wells
• poor governance e.g. lack of policies re safe disposal of human and industrial waste

Question 18

Increased sanitation extends well beyond reducing the risk of diarrhea…
Why are private, segregated toilets important ?

Answer 18

• promoting dignity, especially when girls are menstruating
• boosting safety e.g. lowering risk of assault
• promoting school attendance, especially when girls are menstruating

Question 19

What does the term ‘sanitation’ refer to?

Answer 19

Removal of hazardous material from the environment e.g. flushing toilet for safe disposal of human waste, and maintenance of hygienic conditions e.g. garbage collection.