03 Anxiety Flashcards
Definition of Anxiety:
Experience of irrational and disproportionate fear/dread
What’s the underlying cause of Anxiety and what would it produce?
Underlying cause is fear
Produces helplessness and uncertainty
Etiology of Anxiety?
Neurobiological model: neurotransmitters and overactive amygdala
Etiology of PTSD and Panic Disorder?
Cortisol dysregulation
OCD Etiology
Serotonin dysregulation
What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder defined as?
What may be worried?
- Excessive anxiety and worry for most days over a period of at least 6 months
- Worrying about finances, health, job, responsibilities, and interpersonal concerns.
What are Generalized Anxiety Disorder Sx:
- Restlessness
- Fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating
- irritability
- difficulty sleeping
- muscle tension
What are Psychological responses to anxiety?
- fear
- impending doom
- helplessness
- insecurity
- low self confidence
- anger
- guilt
What are Physiological responses to anxiety? (13)
- dry mouth
- VS Increase
- Diarrhea
- Increased urination
- palpitations
- diaphoresis
- hyperventilation
- fatigue
- insomnia
- sexual dysfunction
- irritability
- fidgeting
- pacing
What are Behavioral responses to anxiety? (5)
- fight or flight response
- talkative
- giggly
- angry
- withdrawn
What’s is Panic Disorder?
the sudden onset of intense of apprehension, fear, or terror
what is Panic Disorder characterized by?
Characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks followed by at least one month of persistent concern about having another panic attack
What are symptoms of Panic Disorder?
- Dyspnea
- Palpitations
- Chest Pain
- Faintness
- Dizziness
- fear of dying/going crazy
- choking
- hyperventilation (some people may end up in the ED, thinking they’re having a heart attack)
What is Panic Disorder typically associated with?
Associated with Major Depressive Disorder
What are certain nursing interventions for anxiety? (7)
- Stay with client and remain calm
- Provide reassurance and support
- Remove anxiety-producing stimuli
- have clients take deep breaths
- Distract client from anxiety-producing stimuli
- Provide a paper bag for hyperventilation
- Grounding techniques
What are some Panic Attack Symptoms? (7)
- Sweating
- Palpitations
- Trembling
- Shortness of breath
- Choking sensation
- Chest pain: Heart attack like symptoms
- Nausea or abdominal discomfort. Severe headache, severe GI issues, nausea/vomiting/
- Lightheadedness: Numbness, tingling
What is a Phobia?
- Persistent and marked fear or a particular object, place or situation referred to as a stimulus
- Provokes an immediate anxiety response
What is a Social Phobia?
Fear of social or performance situations in which embarassment may occur and when experienced, produces an immediate anxiety response
What are symptoms of Social Phobia?
- Palpitations
- Tremors
- Confusion
- Blushing
- Muscle Tension
- Sweating
- GI distress
What are nursing interventions for social phobia?
- Relaxation technique
- Behavioral modification techniques
- Gradual desensitization experiences
- Verbalizing thoughts and feelings of anxiety
OCD is characterized by Obsessions and Compusions. Define each:
- Obsessions: repetitive, intrusive thoughts that make little sense
- Compulsions: Repetitive, ritualistic behavior that strive to neutralize the anxiety associated with the obsessions.
i. e handwashing, checking and rechecking
Rituals must take more than 10 min a da, distress the client and affect their daily life function
What are Nursing Interventions for OCD?
- Distract/substitue
- Do not interrupt compulsive act
- schedule time to complete ritual and gradually decrease time and number of times that the ritual is performed
- Provide safety
- maintain structure
- Schedules and activities
- Demonstrate acceptance
- encoruage expression of feelings
- antianxiety meds
What is PTSD?
A traumatic event that invovled an actual or threatened death or physical injury that was persoanlly directed at the client, witnessed, or experienced by someone else and learned about by the client may preclude PTSD.
What are PTSD symptoms?
- Depression
- anxiety
- sleep disorders
- irritability
- difficulty concentrating
- psychosis
- flashbacks
- hallucinations
- reliving event
- avoidance, feelings of detachment or emptiness
What is dissociative disorder?
Disruption of the usually integrated function of consciouness, memory, identity or perception of the environment
Response to trauma
What are symptoms related to dissociative disorders?
- Emotional numbing (Detachment)
- Derealization
- Amnesia
- Depersaonlization
- along with anxiety
What are somatoform disorders?
Physical manifestations & reports with no pathology
What Hypochondriasis?
Exaggerated preoccupation with physical health, not based on real organic disorders.
- Multiple manifestations
- Worried/anxious about manifestations
- Seeks medical care frequently from multiple health care providers .
What’s treatment of hypochondriac?
Psychotherapy: CBT focus on thoughts and beliefs
Pharmacotherapy
Systematic desensitization: gradual exposure to an icnreasing hierarchy of stress provoking stimuli for the purpose of extinguishing the negative emotional response.
Flooding: confronting th exposure
What class is anti depressant drugs?
SSRI, i.e paroxetine
Class of drug to treat anxiety
Benzodiazepines: ativan, Valium, xanax
A drug that treats anixiety and is a nonbenzodiazepine
Buspar: a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic
Class of drug that helps with HTN
Beta Blockers: Inderal, catapres
Peplau has Four Levels of Anxiety.
Describe each:
Mild:
Moderate:
Severe:
Panic:
Mild: seldome a problem
Moderate: perceptual field diminishes
Severe: perceptual field is so diminished that concetnration centers on one detail only or on many extraneous details
Panic: the most intense state.
What are some Behavioral Adaption Responses to Anxiety at the mild level?
eating
drinking
sleeping
physical exericse
smoking
crying
talking
what symptoms may manifest if anxiety is at moderate to severe levels?
migraine headaches
IBS
cardiac arrhythmias
What does extended periods of severe anxiety lead to?
anxiety disorders
somatoform disorders.
