01 Psych Intro Class

Question 1

What is Mental Health defined as?

Answer 1

The sucessful adptation to stressors from the internal/external env, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms.

Question 2

What is the goal towards mental health?

Answer 2

1. Learn more effective ways of behaving and coping with their stresses
2. Achieving a realistic and positive self concept

Question 3

What is mental illness defined as?

Answer 3

Maladaptive response to stressors from internal/external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors that are incongruent with the locals and cultural norms and interfere with indivdual’s social, occupational or physical functioning.

Question 4

What is stress’ association with mental illness?

Answer 4

It’s been associated with the development or exacerbation of symptoms of mental illness

Question 5

What can stress during early life cause in lifelong functioning?

Answer 5

1. Mood disorders
2. Alcohol/drug dependence
3. Eating disorders
4. affective disorders
5. posttraumatic stress disorder
6. Suicidal behavior

Question 6

What is personality defined as?

Answer 6

The way that a person thinks/feels/behavies, and an ingrained pattern of behavior that each person evolves consciously and unconsciously.

Our personalities is oru core and stable throughout our lives.

Question 7

What are 3 roles of nurses in psychiatry?

Answer 7

Role of the nurse in psychiatry

1. žTo assist with the client’s successful adaptation to stressors within the environment.
2. žGoals are directed toward change in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms.
3. žThe nurse is a valuable member of the interdisciplinary team, providing a service that is unique and based on sound knowledge of psychopathology, scope of practice, and legal implications of the role.

Question 8

In Sigmund Freud’s Theory, what are the 3 major components of personality and describe each one.

Answer 8

1. Id: Instinctual primitive drives
2. Ego: Balances demands of primtive id and self crtiical superego
3. Superego: values and morals guides behavior

Question 9

Def of Transference:

Answer 9

Unconscious project of feelings onto others.

Patient to Nurse and other people

Question 10

Def of Countertransference:

Answer 10

The nurses unconscious projection of feelings onto the client

Question 11

Def of Free Association

Answer 11

Mental process by which one word or image may spontaneously suggest another without any apparent connection.

Question 12

Catharsis

Answer 12

Talking about the feelings

Question 13

Freud: When is the oral stage?

What is it?

Answer 13

Birth to 18 months

Behavior is directed by the id, and the goal is immedidate gratifiction of needs. A sense of security and the ability to trust others are derived from the gratification of fulfilling basic needs during this stage.

Question 14

Freud

When is the anal stage?

What occurs during it?

Answer 14

18 months to 3 years old

The central conflict for toddlers is control! Kids in this stage want the ability to poop whenever they want and wherever they want.

The major task is to gain independence and control, with focus on exretory function.

When toilet training is strict and rigid child may want to retain the feces, and becomes constipated. Adult personality traits would include stubbornness, stingiess and miserliness.

Question 15

Freud: What’s the Phallic Stage?

When does it occur?

What is it?

Answer 15

Occurs 3 to 6 years.

Focus of energy shifts to the genital area. Discovery of gender differences leads to heightened interest in sexuality of self and others. Interest can manifest in sexual self exploratory or group exploratory play.

Question 16

Freud: Latency Stage

When does it occur?

What is it?

Answer 16

Occurs 6 to 12 years

Focus goes from egocentrism to interst in group activities, learning and socialization with peers. Sexuality is not absent during this time but remains obscure and imperceptible to others.

There’s a preference for same gender relationships.

Question 17

Freud: Genital Stage

When does this occur?

What is it?

Answer 17

Occurs from age 13 to 20

Maturing of genital organs results in reawkening of libidinal drive. The focus i on relationships with members of the opposite gender and preparations for selecting a mate.

Interpersonal relationships are based on genuine pleasure derived from interaction rather than from more self serving implications of childhood associations.

Question 18

How is Freud’s theory relevant to nursing practice?

Answer 18

1. Knowledge of the theory will allow you to recognize behavior associated with id, ego and superego that will help in assessment of the client’s developmental level.
2. To understand the use of ego defense mechanisms important in making determinations about maladaptive behaviors and in planning care that will assist in promoting change for the client.

Question 19

Erikson’s Trust vs Mistrust

When does it occur?

Major developmental tasks

Answer 19

Birth to 18 months

To develop a basic trust in the mothering figure and learn to generalize it to others

Question 20

Erikson’s Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

When does it occur?

Major developmental task

Answer 20

occurs early childhood, 18 months to 3 years

To gain some self control and independence within the environment

Question 21

Erikson’s Initiative vs Guilt

When does this occur?

What’s the major developmental task?

Answer 21

Occurs Late childhood, 3~6 years old

Major developmental task: To achieve a sense of self confidence by learning, competing, performing successfully and receiving recognition from significant others, peers and acquantances

Question 22

Erikson’s Industry vs Inferiority

When does this occur?

Major developmental task?

Answer 22

Occurs 12~20 years, adolescence stage

To integrate the tasks mastered in the previous stages into a secure sense of self

Question 23

Erikson’s Intimacy vs Isolation

Occurs during:

Major developmental task

Answer 23

Occurs during young adulthood, 20~30 years

To form an intense, lasting relationship or a commitment to another person, cause, institution or creative effort

Question 24

Erikson’s Generativity vs Stagnation

Occurs during

Major developmental tasks

Answer 24

Occurs during adulthood 30~65 years old

Major developmental tasks is to achieve the life goals established for oneself while also considering the welfare of future generations

Question 25

Erikson’s Ego Integrity vs Despair

Occurs during:

Major Developmental Tasks:

Answer 25

Occurs during Old Age, 65 years to death

Major Developmental task: To revew one’s life and derive meaning from both positive and negative events while achieving a positive sense of self worth

Question 26

HOw does the Erikson Model work?

Answer 26

Psychosocial tasks are accomplished throughout the life cycle. Failure in any stage is likely to have greater difficulty achieving sucess in future stages of development.

Question 27

What’s the relevance of Erikson to nursing practice?

Answer 27

Some individuals are still struggling to achieve tasks for a number of developmental stages. Nurses can plan care to assist these individuals to fulfill these tasks and move on to a higher developmental level.

Question 28

What kind of theory is Carl Rogers?

What does it invovle?

Answer 28

THe theory is a humanistic theory, client centered therapy.

It invovles empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness. Although this may be hard in psych, where you see pedophiles and drug users.

Question 29

What kind of theory is Abraham Maslow?

What does it invovle?

Answer 29

It’s a humanisitc theory and is the hierarchy of needs.
Hierarchy of needs ranges from basic food, shelter, and warmth to a high level requirement for self actualization.

Question 30

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs involves 5 stages, what are they?

Answer 30

1. Physiologic and Survival Needs: Air, water, food, shelter, sleep, exercise, elimination, sexual expression, health care
2. Safety and Security Needs: Shelter from harm, predictable social and physical environment
3. Love and belonging needs: Affection and acceptance from family and friends, enduring intimacy
4. Esteem Needs: Self worth, positive self image, sense of competence
5. Self Actualization Needs: Development of full personal potential

Question 31

Behavioral Theory of Learning throry?

Answer 31

Maladaptive behavior is learned, you can change the behavior by replacing nonadaptive behavior with more adaptive behavior

Question 32

Behavioral theory of Reconditioning?

Answer 32

Unlearning learned/maladpative behavior

Question 33

What is the behavioral theory of stimulus response?

Answer 33

Pavlov’s theory. Stimulus/response.

-reinforcement (Removing averse conditions)

Question 34

What is + reinfrocement?

Answer 34

Using rewards to get a desired behavior

Question 35

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 35

Desired behavior occurs by removal of aversive consequences.

(Removal of imposed restrictions

ex Bob does the dishes (behavior) in order to avoid his mother nagging (negative stimulus).

Question 36

What is positive punishment?

Answer 36

Decrease behavior by adding aversive consequences, i.e quiet time

Question 37

What is negative punishment?

Answer 37

Decrease behavior by withdrawing a reward, i.e privilege, such as an outing

Question 38

What’s the difference between reinforcement and punishment?

Answer 38

Punishment is do decrease undesirable behavior.

Reinforcement is to promote desirable behavior.

Question 39

What is the Peplau nursing model?

Answer 39

• Applies interpersonal theory to nurse client relationship development
• Correlates the stages of personality development in childhood to stages through which clients advance during the progression of an illness.
• Views interpersonal experiences as learning situations for nurses to facilitate foward movement in the development of personality .

Question 40

What are the 4 stages of personality development in Peplau’s model?

Answer 40

Stage 1. Learning to count on others

Stage 2. Learning to delay satisfaction

Stage 3. Identifying oneself

Stage 4: developing skills in participation

Question 41

What is Peplau’s relevance to nursing practice?

Answer 41

Provides nurse with a framework to interact with clients, many of whom are fixed in, or an earlier level of development. Using nursing roles, suggested by Peplau, nurses may facilitate client learning that was not achieved in earlier experiences.

Question 42

What is Milieu Therapy like?

Answer 42

Mangement of the client’s environment to promote a positive living experiences and facilitate recover. So it’s typically quiet, and pt should manage their own activity, i.e give their own shwoers and make their own beds.

It’s suppose to help maintain client’s strenths, and assist in developing effecive relationship and coping skills.

Question 43

What is adjunctive therapy?

Answer 43

Used to aid assessment, increase social skills, encourage expression of feelings and provide opporutnities to raise self esteem, relive tension and be creative.

i.e dance movement, recreational, art, pet therapy etc