01 Psych Intro Class Flashcards
What is Mental Health defined as?
The sucessful adptation to stressors from the internal/external env, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms.
What is the goal towards mental health?
- Learn more effective ways of behaving and coping with their stresses
- Achieving a realistic and positive self concept
What is mental illness defined as?
Maladaptive response to stressors from internal/external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors that are incongruent with the locals and cultural norms and interfere with indivdual’s social, occupational or physical functioning.
What is stress’ association with mental illness?
It’s been associated with the development or exacerbation of symptoms of mental illness
What can stress during early life cause in lifelong functioning?
- Mood disorders
- Alcohol/drug dependence
- Eating disorders
- affective disorders
- posttraumatic stress disorder
- Suicidal behavior
What is personality defined as?
The way that a person thinks/feels/behavies, and an ingrained pattern of behavior that each person evolves consciously and unconsciously.
Our personalities is oru core and stable throughout our lives.
What are 3 roles of nurses in psychiatry?
Role of the nurse in psychiatry
- To assist with the client’s successful adaptation to stressors within the environment.
- Goals are directed toward change in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms.
- The nurse is a valuable member of the interdisciplinary team, providing a service that is unique and based on sound knowledge of psychopathology, scope of practice, and legal implications of the role.
In Sigmund Freud’s Theory, what are the 3 major components of personality and describe each one.
- Id: Instinctual primitive drives
- Ego: Balances demands of primtive id and self crtiical superego
- Superego: values and morals guides behavior
Def of Transference:
Unconscious project of feelings onto others.
Patient to Nurse and other people
Def of Countertransference:
The nurses unconscious projection of feelings onto the client
Def of Free Association
Mental process by which one word or image may spontaneously suggest another without any apparent connection.
Catharsis
Talking about the feelings
Freud: When is the oral stage?
What is it?
Birth to 18 months
Behavior is directed by the id, and the goal is immedidate gratifiction of needs. A sense of security and the ability to trust others are derived from the gratification of fulfilling basic needs during this stage.
Freud
When is the anal stage?
What occurs during it?
18 months to 3 years old
The central conflict for toddlers is control! Kids in this stage want the ability to poop whenever they want and wherever they want.
The major task is to gain independence and control, with focus on exretory function.
When toilet training is strict and rigid child may want to retain the feces, and becomes constipated. Adult personality traits would include stubbornness, stingiess and miserliness.
Freud: What’s the Phallic Stage?
When does it occur?
What is it?
Occurs 3 to 6 years.
Focus of energy shifts to the genital area. Discovery of gender differences leads to heightened interest in sexuality of self and others. Interest can manifest in sexual self exploratory or group exploratory play.
Freud: Latency Stage
When does it occur?
What is it?
Occurs 6 to 12 years
Focus goes from egocentrism to interst in group activities, learning and socialization with peers. Sexuality is not absent during this time but remains obscure and imperceptible to others.
There’s a preference for same gender relationships.
Freud: Genital Stage
When does this occur?
What is it?
Occurs from age 13 to 20
Maturing of genital organs results in reawkening of libidinal drive. The focus i on relationships with members of the opposite gender and preparations for selecting a mate.
Interpersonal relationships are based on genuine pleasure derived from interaction rather than from more self serving implications of childhood associations.
How is Freud’s theory relevant to nursing practice?
- Knowledge of the theory will allow you to recognize behavior associated with id, ego and superego that will help in assessment of the client’s developmental level.
- To understand the use of ego defense mechanisms important in making determinations about maladaptive behaviors and in planning care that will assist in promoting change for the client.
Erikson’s Trust vs Mistrust
When does it occur?
Major developmental tasks
Birth to 18 months
To develop a basic trust in the mothering figure and learn to generalize it to others
Erikson’s Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
When does it occur?
Major developmental task
occurs early childhood, 18 months to 3 years
To gain some self control and independence within the environment
Erikson’s Initiative vs Guilt
When does this occur?
What’s the major developmental task?
Occurs Late childhood, 3~6 years old
Major developmental task: To achieve a sense of self confidence by learning, competing, performing successfully and receiving recognition from significant others, peers and acquantances
Erikson’s Industry vs Inferiority
When does this occur?
Major developmental task?
Occurs 12~20 years, adolescence stage
To integrate the tasks mastered in the previous stages into a secure sense of self
Erikson’s Intimacy vs Isolation
Occurs during:
Major developmental task
Occurs during young adulthood, 20~30 years
To form an intense, lasting relationship or a commitment to another person, cause, institution or creative effort
Erikson’s Generativity vs Stagnation
Occurs during
Major developmental tasks
Occurs during adulthood 30~65 years old
Major developmental tasks is to achieve the life goals established for oneself while also considering the welfare of future generations
Erikson’s Ego Integrity vs Despair
Occurs during:
Major Developmental Tasks:
Occurs during Old Age, 65 years to death
Major Developmental task: To revew one’s life and derive meaning from both positive and negative events while achieving a positive sense of self worth
HOw does the Erikson Model work?
Psychosocial tasks are accomplished throughout the life cycle. Failure in any stage is likely to have greater difficulty achieving sucess in future stages of development.
What’s the relevance of Erikson to nursing practice?
Some individuals are still struggling to achieve tasks for a number of developmental stages. Nurses can plan care to assist these individuals to fulfill these tasks and move on to a higher developmental level.
What kind of theory is Carl Rogers?
What does it invovle?
THe theory is a humanistic theory, client centered therapy.
It invovles empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness. Although this may be hard in psych, where you see pedophiles and drug users.
What kind of theory is Abraham Maslow?
What does it invovle?
It’s a humanisitc theory and is the hierarchy of needs.
Hierarchy of needs ranges from basic food, shelter, and warmth to a high level requirement for self actualization.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs involves 5 stages, what are they?
- Physiologic and Survival Needs: Air, water, food, shelter, sleep, exercise, elimination, sexual expression, health care
- Safety and Security Needs: Shelter from harm, predictable social and physical environment
- Love and belonging needs: Affection and acceptance from family and friends, enduring intimacy
- Esteem Needs: Self worth, positive self image, sense of competence
- Self Actualization Needs: Development of full personal potential
Behavioral Theory of Learning throry?
Maladaptive behavior is learned, you can change the behavior by replacing nonadaptive behavior with more adaptive behavior
Behavioral theory of Reconditioning?
Unlearning learned/maladpative behavior
What is the behavioral theory of stimulus response?
Pavlov’s theory. Stimulus/response.
-reinforcement (Removing averse conditions)
What is + reinfrocement?
Using rewards to get a desired behavior
What is negative reinforcement?
Desired behavior occurs by removal of aversive consequences.
(Removal of imposed restrictions
ex Bob does the dishes (behavior) in order to avoid his mother nagging (negative stimulus).
What is positive punishment?
Decrease behavior by adding aversive consequences, i.e quiet time
What is negative punishment?
Decrease behavior by withdrawing a reward, i.e privilege, such as an outing
What’s the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Punishment is do decrease undesirable behavior.
Reinforcement is to promote desirable behavior.
What is the Peplau nursing model?
- Applies interpersonal theory to nurse client relationship development
- Correlates the stages of personality development in childhood to stages through which clients advance during the progression of an illness.
- Views interpersonal experiences as learning situations for nurses to facilitate foward movement in the development of personality .
What are the 4 stages of personality development in Peplau’s model?
Stage 1. Learning to count on others
Stage 2. Learning to delay satisfaction
Stage 3. Identifying oneself
Stage 4: developing skills in participation
What is Peplau’s relevance to nursing practice?
Provides nurse with a framework to interact with clients, many of whom are fixed in, or an earlier level of development. Using nursing roles, suggested by Peplau, nurses may facilitate client learning that was not achieved in earlier experiences.
What is Milieu Therapy like?
Mangement of the client’s environment to promote a positive living experiences and facilitate recover. So it’s typically quiet, and pt should manage their own activity, i.e give their own shwoers and make their own beds.
It’s suppose to help maintain client’s strenths, and assist in developing effecive relationship and coping skills.
What is adjunctive therapy?
Used to aid assessment, increase social skills, encourage expression of feelings and provide opporutnities to raise self esteem, relive tension and be creative.
i.e dance movement, recreational, art, pet therapy etc
