02.05 Review of Lipids

Question 1

Functions of Lipids

Answer 1

Energy
Barrier 
Coenzymes and Regulators 
Hormones
Inflammation Mediator 
Insulation 

Mnemonic: Fatty! Every Breakfast Chicharon and Rice Hanggang Inuman Ito!

Question 2

Classification of Lipids

Answer 2

Simple: FA with Alcohol
Complex: FA + Alcohol + another group

Question 3

What are the Good and the Bad Fatty Acids?

Answer 3

Good: Cis and Monounsaturated
Bad: Trans and Saturated (Atherosclerosis)

Question 4

Relationship of Fluidity and Melting Point

Answer 4

Decrease Fluidity
Increase melting point
Increase length
Increase saturation

Question 5

Important fatty Acids

Answer 5

1. ) Palmitic - 16:0 > triglycerides
2. ) Linoleic - 18:2 (9:12) > arachidonic acid
3. ) Linolenic - 18:3 (9,12,15) > deficiency results to blurry vision and altered learning behavior
4. ) Arachidonic - 20:4 (5, 8, 11, 14) > eicosanoids > prostaglandins and leukotriens

Question 6

How does Omega-3 and Omega-6 prevents cardiovascular problems?

Answer 6

• counteract thromobxane A2
• prevents platelet aggregation
• reduce vasoconstriction

Question 7

Fasting State Utilization of Energy

Answer 7

1. Glycogenolysis - breakdown of glycogen
2. Glyconeogenesis - breakdown of muscle protein
3. Lypolysis - breakdown of FA

Question 8

What are the Important Eicosanoids?

Answer 8

• Thromobxane (TXA2) - platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction
• Prostacyclin (PGI2) - inhibits platelet aggregation
• Slow reducing substances of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) - C4, D4, E4 (Leukotrines - inflammation, protection of mucosa and vasoconstrict/dilate; asthma > steriods)
• Prostaglandin E1 - opens ductus arteriosus
• Prostaglandin E2 - causes fever

Question 9

Important Phospolipids

Answer 9

1. Phosphatidylcholine - transmission
2. Phosphatidylethanolamine - cell membrane
3. Phosphatidylserine - apoptosis
4. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) - lung surfactant (Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome)
5. Phopatidylinositol 4,5, BP - Phospholipase C > IP3 and DAG > release of calcium & activation of Kinase C
6. Cardiolipin - Antigen; found in mitochondria
   - Glycogen - CaMP
   - Insulin - Tyrosine Kinase

Question 10

Functions of Glycolipids

Answer 10

Cell Recognition and Adhesion

Question 11

Important Glycolipids

Answer 11

1. Ceramide = Sphingosine + FA
2. Cerebroside = ceramide + glucose/galactose
3. GlOboside = ceramide + Oligosaccharides
4. GaNgliodisde = ceramide + N-acetylneuramic acid
   - nervous tissue, cell receptors (GM1)
5. Sulfatides = ceramide + sulfated glucose
6. Galactosylceramide = brain and nervous tissue; myelin
7. Sphingomyelin = myelin sheaths

Question 12

Cholesterol uses

Answer 12

Adrenocortical Hormones/Sex Hormones
Bile Acids > bile salts > emulsification of fats
Cell Membrane - rigidity and permeability
Vitamin D

Question 13

Antioxidants

Answer 13

Natural (Vitamin ACE) and Artificial

Preventive and Chain Breaking

Question 14

Ampiphatic Lipids

Answer 14

1. Lipid Bilayer - membranes
2. Miscelles - critical concentration in aqueous solution
3. Liposome - absorption of lipids from intestines; carriers of drugs
4. Emulsions - large particles