02.03 Review of Proteins

Question 1

Proteomics

Answer 1

Study the complement of proteins elaborated in cells under diverse situations

Question 2

Functions of Proteins

Answer 2

1. Neurotransmitters
2. Drug Development
3. Normal fluid homeostasis
4. Enzymes
5. Connective
6. Transport
7. Contraction

Mnemonic: PROf: ND NE CTC

Question 3

Aliphatic Side Chains

Answer 3

Glycine 
Alanine
Valine 
Isoleucine
Leucine 

Mnemonic: Straight? GAVI Lamang!

Question 4

Amino Acid with OH and S

Answer 4

OH - Serine, Threonine and Tyrosine
S - Cysteine, Methionine

Mnemonic: OH S! Sunugan TaYo? Chos Man.

Question 5

Aromatic Side Chains

Answer 5

Histidine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan 
Phenylalanine
Proline 

Mnemonic: Ring? HY WiFi Po.

Question 6

Basic Group

Answer 6

Histidine
Arganine
Lysine

Mnemonic: Basic HR Ka!

Question 7

Acid Groups

Answer 7

Glutamine
Glutamic Acid
Aspartic Acid
Asparagine

Mnemonic: Acidic Queen? Eh Di Na.

Question 8

Non Polar Proteins

Answer 8

Glycine 
Alanine 
Valine
Leucine 
Isoleucine 
Phenylalanine 
Tryptophan 
Methionine 
Proline 

Mnemonic: GAV LIkot! FeW More Please

Question 9

Glycine and its Roles

Answer 9

Heme Synthesis - Rate Limiting
Purine Synthesis
Inhibitory for Spinal Cord

Mnemonic: GH Pure Indeed

Question 10

Amino Acids Involved in Maple Syrup Urine Disease

Answer 10

Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine because of their branched structure

Mnemonic: I LoVe Maple Syrup

Question 11

Phenylalanine Derivatives

Answer 11

Phenylalanine > Tyrosine > L Dopa > Dopamine > Norepinephrine > Epinephrine > Thyroxine > Melanin

Mnemonic: Pare True Love Does Not Exist To Me

Question 12

Tryptophan Derivatives

Answer 12

Tryptophan: Melatonin, Serotonin, Niacin

Mnemonic: TRYP Mo Siya Noh.

Question 13

Methionine

Answer 13

SAM, Homocysteine (MI)

Question 14

Proline

Answer 14

Fibrous structure of Collagen, Interrupts alpha helices in globular Proteins

Question 15

Uncharged Polar Side Chains

Answer 15

Cysteine
Tyrosine 
Serine 
Threonine
Asparagine 
Glutamine 

Mnemonic: CYS TiN Queen!

Question 16

Acidic Side Chains

Answer 16

Aspartic Acid
Glutamic Acid - GABA precursor

Mnemonic: AciDEc

Question 17

Basic SIde Chains

Answer 17

Histidine - Histamine, Follic Acid, vs. B12 Deficiency
Asparagine - Creatinine, Urea, NO
Lysine

Mnemonic: HR K

Question 18

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 18

Phenylalanin, Valine, Tyrosine, Threonine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine, tyrosine

Question 19

Peptide Bonds in Protein

Answer 19

Partial Double Bond
Uncharged but can H bond
Rigid and planar
Trans Confirmation

Mnemonic: PURT

Question 20

Alpha Helix and Beta sheets are the most known secondary structures. What are the other types of Secondary Structures?

Answer 20

1. Beta bends/Reverse Turns/ Beta Turns
   - globular shape, Proline and Glycine
2. Non repetitive (loop and coil) Structure
3. Motifs or Super secondary Structures

Question 21

What stabilizes Tertiary Structures?

Answer 21

H Bond, Ionic Bonds, Hydrophobic Interactions, Disulfide Bonds

Question 22

What holds Quaternary Structures together?

Answer 22

H-bond, Ionic Bond, Hydrophobic Interactions

Question 23

How do you denature proteins?

Answer 23

Detergent 
Heat 
Organic solvents
Mechanical Mixing 
Ions from Metals 
Strong acids and base

Mnemonic: D HOMIeS

Question 24

Clinical Correlations in Proteins

Answer 24

1. Prion Diseases - Fatal neurodegenerative diseases (PrPc –> PrPsc)
2. Alzheimers - senile plaques and neurofibrillary bundles Beta amyloid, Apiloprotein E (mediator)