02 Particle Nature

Question 1

Define “matter”.

Answer 1

Any substance that has a mass and takes up space by having a volume.

Question 2

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 2

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Question 3

Define “particles”.

Answer 3

Tiny objects that make up matter.

Question 4

Define “particle theory”.

Answer 4

Theory of how particles behave/ Matter contains tiny particles that are constantly in motion

Question 5

Define “atom”.

Answer 5

Smallest part of matter (besides sub-atomic particles)

Question 6

Define “molecule”.

Answer 6

Made up of 2/more atoms that are chemically bonded together.

Question 7

Define “ion”.

Answer 7

Charged particle that can be positive or negative

Question 8

Define “kinetic energy”.

Answer 8

Energy that makes objects move

Question 9

Define “thermal expansion”.

Answer 9

Heat energy makes objects expand/particles move further apart

Question 10

Define “thermal contraction”.

Answer 10

Heat is removed which makes objects contract/particles move closer together

Question 11

Describe how the 3 states of matter:

1. How close the particles are to each other
2. How the particles are arranged
3. How the particles move

Answer 11

SOLID:

1. Very close
2. Ordered
3. Vibrate only

LIQUID:

1. Quite close, but not as close as solids
2. Random
3. Move fairly freely

GAS:

1. Wide apart
2. Random
3. Move freely

Question 12

What were the 4 main ideas of the particle model?

Answer 12

1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
2. The particles of matter are always moving
3. The particles have spaces between them
4. Adding heat to matter makes the particles move faster

Question 13

1. MATTER IS MADE UP OF TINY PARTICLES

What are the three types of particles that one can find in matter?

Answer 13

1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Ions

Question 14

2. PARTICLES ARE ALWAYS MOVING

Describe how the 3 states of matter move.

Answer 14

All particles exert forces of attraction and repulsion on each other -> kinetic energy

SOLIDS cannot move though space, their particles are fixed and can only vibrate in position

In LIQUIDS, the particles are still close, but the forces of attraction are weaker and particles are free to flow over each other. Liquids take up the shape of the container.

In GASES, particles are far apart and move through space. Gases take up the shape and the volume of the entire container.

Question 15

3. PARTICLES HAVE SPACES BETWEEN THEM

Describe the “spaces” between the particles in the three states of matter.

Answer 15

SOLIDS: Close packed arrangement called a crystal lattice
LIQUIDS: Quite closely packed
GASES: Wide apart; gases are the only state that can be compressed (particles move closer together)

Question 16

4. ADDING HEAT MAKES THE PARTICLES MOVE FASTER

Describe what happens when heat is added and removed from matter.

Answer 16

When a substance is cool, the particles are moving slowly and close together. When heat is added to the substance, the particles start to move faster and faster and the substance starts expanding. When the heat is removed, the particles will move slower and slower until they just vibrate in place.

Question 17

Describe a solid.

Answer 17

1. Have a high density as particles are very close together.
2. Cannot be compressed as there are little spaces between the particles
3. Have a fixed shape and volume as the particles are held together tightly.

Question 18

Describe a liquid.

Answer 18

1. Have a fairly high density as the particles are close together.
2. Cannot be compressed as there is very little empty space between particles.
3. Takes up the shape of the bottom of its container as the particles can move

Question 19

Describe a gas.

Answer 19

1. Have a low density as the particles are far apart.
2. Can be compressed as there is space between the particles.
3. Has no fixed shape as the particles move rapidly in all directions.