02 - MEDICAL IMAGING Flashcards
- Visualization of structures inside the body
- Helpful for precise diagnosis of a wide range of anatomical and physiological disorders
Medical imaging
visualization of the internal parts of the body using x-ray techniques
Radiography (x-ray)
Types of x-ray
Traditional
Contrast
Special types
a 2D image of interior structures produced when an x-ray beam is passed through the body
Radiograph or x-ray film
Dense structures: _____
Hollow: _____
Intermediate: _____
White
Black
Gray
makes hollow or fluid-filled structures visible in radiographs
Contrast x-rays
Most commonly used contrast medium
Barium sulfate
Used to image blood vessels
Angiography
Used to image the urinary system
Intravenous urography
Used to image the GIT
Barium sulfate contrast x-ray
X-ray to capture internal structures of the breasts
- Process: _______
- Image: _______
- Mammography
2. Mammogram
used to measure the calcium content of the bone
Bone Densitometry
DEXA means
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
DEXA is used for
Measuring Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
Parts usually examined by DEXA
Lumbar spine
Hips
Forearm
T/F
Thicker bones, more calcium content
T
A medical imaging procedure that uses x-rays to show CROSS-SECTIONAL images or “slices” of areas of the body
Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning
CT Scan is also called
Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) Scanning
Visualizes SOFT TISSUES & ORGANS and BONY STRUCTURES in much more and good details
CT Scan
- targets the TORSO
- provides the most benefit in screening for lung cancers, coronary artery disease, & kidney cancers
Whole-body CT Scanning
visualization of the internal parts of the body using x-ray techniques
Radiography (x-ray)
Types of x-ray
Traditional
Contrast
Special types
a 2D image of interior structures produced when an x-ray beam is passed through the body
Radiograph or x-ray film
Dense structures: _____
Hollow: _____
Intermediate: _____
White
Black
Gray
makes hollow or fluid-filled structures visible in radiographs
Contrast x-rays
Most commonly used contrast medium
Barium sulfate
Used to image blood vessels
Angiography
Used to image the urinary system
Intravenous urography
Used to image the GIT
Barium sulfate contrast x-ray
X-ray to capture internal structures of the breasts
- Process: _______
- Image: _______
- Mammography
2. Mammogram
used to measure the calcium content of the bone
Bone Densitometry
DEXA means
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
DEXA is used for
Measuring Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
Parts usually examined by DEXA
Lumbar spine
Hips
Forearm
T/F
Thicker bones, more calcium content
T
A medical imaging procedure that uses x-rays to show CROSS-SECTIONAL images or “slices” of areas of the body
Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning
CT Scan is also called
Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) Scanning
Visualizes SOFT TISSUES & ORGANS and BONY STRUCTURES in much more and good details
CT Scan
- targets the TORSO
- provides the most benefit in screening for lung cancers, coronary artery disease, & kidney cancers
Whole-body CT Scanning
Special types of radiography
Mammography
Bone densitometry / DEXA
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses ________________ and ________________
High-energy magnetic field
Pulses of radio wave energy
The body being studied is placed in a special machine that contains a _________
Strong magnet
T/F
MRI provides a 3D blueprint only
F
BOTH 2D and 3D
T/F
MRI shows details for BOTH SOFT TISSUES AND BONES
F
SOFT TISSUES ONLY, not bones
T/F
MRI has better detection and descriptive powers that CT
T
_________________ may be used during MRI to show abnormal TISSUES more clearly
Contrast material
Uses high-frequency sound waves produced by a handheld wand reflect off body tissues & are detected by the same instrument
Ultrasound Scanning (Sonography)
T/F
Sonogram is a moving image of an ultrasound scan
F
May be STILL OR MOVING
Device used in ultrasound scanning
Transducer
A person that conducts ultrasound scanning
Sonologist
Transducer can ______ and ________ sound
Transmit
Receive
T/F
Ultrasound requires a surface with friction to obtain a perfect image
F
Frictionless surface
Acts as a lubricant that allows for easy movement of the transducer across the skin
Ultrasound gel
Ultrasound produces images that includes
___________
___________ and
___________ of the organs
Size
Location
Action
Uses high frequency sound waves to measure BLOOD FLOW AND PRESSURE
Doppler Ultrasound
Positron-emitting substance is injected in the body and taken up by tissues
Positron-emission tomography (PET)
Positron + electrons = __________
Gamma
Used to study the PHYSIOLOGY of body structures such as metabolism of the brain or heart
Positron Emission Tomography
In PET, these colors indicate
Black and blue: ____1____
Red, orange, yellow and white: ____2____
- Minimal activity
2. Greater activity
A radioactive substance is introduced intravenously into the body and carried by the blood
Radionuclide scanning
Radionuclide scanning is used to find out how well an organ functions by looking at the ________________
Supply of blood to its tissues
What takes up the particle injected into the body
PET: ____1____
Radionuclide scanning: ___2___
- Tissues
2. Blood
Device injected into the vein and used in radionuclide scanning
Radiotracer
T/F
In radionuclide image, areas if INTENSE COLOR indicates HIGH TISSUE ACTIVITY while those with LESS INTENSE COLOR has LOW TISSUE ACTIVITY
T
Used to study activity of a tissue or organ, such as the heart, lungs, thyroid gland, & kidneys
Radionuclide scanning
Useful for studying brain, heart, lungs and liver
SPECT
SPECT mean
Single-Photo-Emission Computerized Tomography
T/F
SPECT can be used to produce vertical cross sections through the body
F
BOTH VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
visual examination of the inside of body organs or cavities using a lighted instrument with lenses called an endoscope
Endoscopy
Types of Endoscopy
- interior of the COLON
Colonoscopy
Types of Endoscopy
- organs within the ABDOMINOPELVIC cavity
Laparoscopy
Types of Endoscopy
- interior of a JOINT, usually the knee
Arthroscopy
Types of Endoscopy
- back of the throat including the voicebox (larynx)
Laryngoscopy
Types of Endoscopy
- throat, larynx, trachea, lower airways
Bronchoscopy
Types of Endoscopy
- internal surfaces of the nose and throat (nasopharynx)
Nasopharyngoscopy
