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Phar 111 Lec 1st Exam > 01 - THE HUMAN BODY: AN ORIENTATION > Flashcards

01 - THE HUMAN BODY: AN ORIENTATION Flashcards

1
Q

The Science of BODY FUNCTIONS — how the body parts work

A

Physiology

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2
Q

Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

A

Pathology /

Pathological Anatomy

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3
Q

The Science of BODY STRUCTURES and the relationships among them

A

Anatomy

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4
Q

FUNCTIONAL CHANGES associated with disease and aging

A

Pathophysiology

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5
Q
  • also called the “cell biology”

- cellular structure and function

A

Cytology

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6
Q

Microscopic structure of TISSUES

A

Histology

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7
Q

First 8 weeks of development after fertilization

A

Embryology

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8
Q

Complete development of an individual from FERTILIZATION TO DEATH

A

Developmental Anatomy

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9
Q

Involves SPECIFIC REGIONS in the body

A

Regional Anatomy

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10
Q

Involves structure of SPECIFIC SYSTEMS of the body

A

Systemic anatomy

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11
Q

Structure that can be examined WITHOUT A MICROSCOPE

A

Gross anatomy

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12
Q

Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through VISUALIZATION AND PALPATION (gentle touch)

A

Surface anatomy

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13
Q

Functions of the HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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14
Q

Chemical regulators in the blood

A

Hormones

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15
Q

Hormones and how they control body functions

A

Endocrinology

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16
Q

Functional properties of NERVE CELLS

A

Neurophysiology

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17
Q

Changes in cell and organ function due to MUSCULAR ACTIVITY

A

Exercise physiology

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18
Q

Functional changes associated with disease and aging

A

Pathophysiology

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19
Q

Functions of the KIDNEYS

A

Renal physiology

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20
Q

Functions of the AIR PASSAGEWAYS AND LUNGS

A

Respiratory physiology

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21
Q

The BODY’S DEFENSES against disease-causing agents

A

Immunology

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22
Q

Non-ivasive techniques for the assessment of body structures and functions

A

Palpation
Auscultation
Percussion

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23
Q

Listens to the body sounds often using a STETHOSCOPE

A

Auscultation

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24
Q

Taps on the body surface with the FINGER TIPS to detect fluid, air and fluid-filled or solid masses

A

Percussion

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25
Q

Feels body surfaces with the HANDS

A

Palpation

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26
Q

Levels of Structural Organization

A 
Organismal
System 
Organ 
Tissue
Cellular 
Chemical
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27
Q

11 organ systems

A

integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous

Endocrine 
Cardiovascular 
Lymphatic 
Respiratory 
Digestive 
Urinary 
Reproductive p
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28
Q

Skin and glands, hair nails

A

Integumentary

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29
Q

Bones, cartilage, joint, ligament

A

Skeletal

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30
Q

Muscles, fasciae, tendon sheaths, bursae

A

Muscular

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31
Q

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory and motor structures

A

Nervous

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32
Q

Endocrine glands and hormone-producing cells

A

Endocrine

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33
Q

Blood, heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular

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34
Q

Lymphatic organs, fluid, and vessels (spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils);
Cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells)

A

Lymphatic and Immune

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35
Q 
Lungs and air passageways 
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchial tubes (leading into and out of the lungs)
A

Respiratory

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36
Q

Organs of the GI tract and accessory structures

A

Digestive

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37
Q

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, ureter

A

Urinary

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38
Q

Gonads (testes and ovaries) and assoc. organs

A

Reproductive

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39
Q

Regulation of body temperature and water loss

A

Integumentary

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40
Q

Vit. D production

A

Integumentary

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41
Q

Aids in body movements

A

Skeletal

Muscular

42
Q

Protects the soft and vital parts of the body

A

Skeletal

43
Q

Provides surface area for muscle attachments

A

Skeletal

44
Q

Stores and fats, minerals and lipids

A

YELLOW BONE MARROW (Skeletal)

45
Q

Site of hematopoiesis

A

RED BONE MARROW (skeletal)

46
Q

Maintains posture

A

Muscular

47
Q

Generates heat

A

Muscular

48
Q

Generates nerve impulses

A

Nervous

49
Q

Control the special senses

A

Nervous

50
Q

Detects sensations

A

Integumentary

51
Q

Production of hormones

A

Endocrine

52
Q

Regulates acid-balance and water

A

Cardiovascular
Respiratory
Urinary

53
Q

Returns lost proteins and excess fluid to the blood

A

Lymphatic and immune

54
Q

Houses lymphocytes

A

Lymphatic and immune

55
Q

Breakdown of food and eliminates solid wastes

A

Digestive

56
Q

Helps regulate production of RBCs

A

Urinary

57
Q

Produce, stores and eliminates urine

A

Urinary

58
Q

Production of offspring

A

Reproductive

59
Q

Maintenance of sexual characteristics

A

Reproductive

60
Q

Sperms or oocytes

A

Gametes

61
Q

Produce gametes that unite to form new organism

A

Gonads

62
Q

Female gonads

A

Fallopian/Uterine tube
Uterus
Vagina

63
Q

Male gonads

A

Epididymis
Vas/Ductus deferens
Penis

64
Q

Site of implantation and development

A

Uterus

65
Q

Route of sperm to ovum

Transports fertilized ova from ovaries to uterus

A

Fallopian tube

66
Q

Conveys sperm from EPIDIDYMIS TO URETHRA

A

Ductus/Vas deferens

67
Q

Site of sperm maturation

A

Epididymis

68
Q

Basic life functions

A 
Metabolism 
Responsiveness 
Movement 
Growth 
Differentiation
Reproduction 
Digestion 
Excretion
69
Q

Precursor cells which can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation

A

Stem cells

70
Q

Sum of all chemical processes that occur within the body

A

Metabolism

71
Q

Body’s ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

A

Responsiveness

72
Q

Includes motion of the whole body

A

Movement

73
Q

Increase in body size

A

Growth

74
Q

Process a cell undergoes to develop from an unspecialized to a specilaized state

A

Differentiation

75
Q

Reproduction may be
1) or
2)

A

1) formation of new cells (through CELL DIVISION)

2) formation of a new individual (through FERTILIZATION, followed by repeated cell division and differentiation)

76
Q

Precursor cells which can divide and give rise to cells that undergo differentiation

A

Stem cells

77
Q

State of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment

A

Homeostasis

78
Q

Systems that maintain homeostasis in the body

A

Nervous

Endocrine

79
Q

Abnormal condition of the body

With a SPECIFIC SET OF SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

A

Disease

80
Q

Disruption of function

Disturbance in physical or mental health functions

A

Disorder

81
Q

Obsessive compulsive

Disease or Disorder

A

Disorder

82
Q

Cerebral palsy

Disease or Disorder

A

Disorder

83
Q

Infectious

Disease or Disorder

A

Disease

84
Q

Infectious

Disease or Disorder

A

Disease

85
Q

Autism

Disease or Disorder

A

Disorder

86
Q

Changes that CAN OBJECTIVELY BE OBSERVED AND MEASURED

A

Signs

87
Q

SUBJECTIVE CHANGES in body functions that are NOT APPARENT TO AN OBSERVER
Only the patient can feel or notice

A

Symptoms

88
Q

Pain

Sign or symptom?

A

Symptom

89
Q

Swelling

Sign or symptom?

A

Sign

90
Q

A homeostatic control mechanism

A

Feedback system /

Feedback loop

91
Q

Cycle of events in which a body condition is continually monitored and adjusted to be within specific limits

A

Feedback system /

Feedback loop

92
Q

Components of a Feedback system

A

Receptor
Control center
Effector

93
Q

___1___ disrupts homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a ___2___ that is monitored by ___3___ that send nerve impulses or chemical signals to a ___4___ that receives the input and provides nerve impulses or chemical signals to ___5___ that bring about a change or ___6___ that alters the controlled condition.

A
  1. Stimulus
  2. Controlled condition
  3. Receptors
  4. Control center
  5. Effectors
  6. Response
94
Q

Types of feedback systems

A

Positive

Negative

95
Q

Most feedback loops in the body are _______

A

Negative

96
Q

T/F

Positive feedback continues even if interrupted by some mechanism outside the system

A

F

97
Q

T/F

Tendons bind bone to bone

A

F

Muscle to bone

98
Q

T/F

Lipids and fats are stored in the yellow bone marrow

A

T

99
Q

T/F

Catabolism is the building up of simple substances into complex ones

A

F

Breaking down

100
Q

Disorders come with specific set of signs and symptoms

A

F

Disease

Phar 111 Lec 1st Exam (4 decks)

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