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CVS > 02: Histology > Flashcards

02: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

List tissue layers of heart wall, from inner to outer.

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Epicardium
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2
Q

T/F: myocardium is highly vascularized.

A

True

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3
Q

Lipofuscin is a(n) (X) that’s found in (Y) of heart.

A 
X = age pigment (brownish/yellow)
Y = sarcoplasmic cone of myocytes
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4
Q

Cardiac myocytes are bound together by delicate (X) tissue matrix.

A

X = reticular

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5
Q

External heart layer, the (X), is a (low/high)-friction surface. What are the tissue layers it contains?

A

X = epicardium
Low;

  1. Mesothelium
  2. Fibroelastic CT (visceral peridcardium)
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6
Q

Coronary vessels travel in which specific tissue layer of heart?

A

Subepicardial areolar CT

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7
Q

Serous membrane surrounding heart consists of which layers?

A
  1. Visceral pericardium

2. Parietal pericardium

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8
Q

Purkinje fibers found in which specific tissue layer of heart?

A

Subendocardial loose CT (of ventricles)

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9
Q

Purkinje fibers are distinguishable from other myocytes by which characteristics?

A
  1. Enlarged size
  2. Reduced packing of darkly-stained fibrils (pushed to periphery)
  3. High content of glycogen in middle
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10
Q

As distance from heart increases, amount of elastic material in (X) (increases/decreases).

A

X = tunica media

Decreases

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11
Q

Unlike (elastic/muscular) arteries, (elastic/muscular) arteries contain (X) fibers in the tunica (Y).

A

Elastic;
Muscular;
X = elastic
Y = adventitia

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12
Q

Function of elastic arteries is (X), whereas that of muscular arteries is (Y).

A 
X = conduction
Y = distribution
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13
Q

Range of lamellar units in elastic arteries. And in muscular arteries.

A

Elastic: 40-60
Muscular (large): 20-40
Muscular (small): 3-20

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14
Q

List the vessels in which you’d expect to find internal elastic lamina, between tunica (X) and (Y).

A 
X = intima;
Y = media

Primarily muscular arteries and arterioles; also in some large veins

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15
Q

List the vessels in which you’d expect to find external elastic lamina, between tunica (X) and (Y).

A 
X = media
Y = adventitia

ONLY in largest muscular arteries

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16
Q

Tunica (X) of (Y) vessels may contain many small blood vessels and peripheral nerves. What are the formal names for these?

A 
X = adventitia
Y = elastic and muscular arteries

Vasa vasorum and nervi vascularis

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17
Q

Arterioles contain how many layers of smooth muscle cells?

A

3 or less

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18
Q

Capillaries contain which tissue types in tunica intima, media, and adventitia?

A

Intima: endothelium

No tunica media and adventitia!

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19
Q

Functions of venules.

A

Exchange and capacitance

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20
Q

Functions of veins.

A

Capacitance and returning

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21
Q

T/F: veins and venules have no smooth muscle.

A

False - venules typically dont, but veins have 1-12 layers

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22
Q

T/F: endothelium lines the entire CV system.

A

True

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23
Q

The cardiac skeleton is composed of (X) tissue. It anchors (Y).

A 
X = dense fibrous CT
Y = valves and muscle cells
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24
Q

The cardiac skeleton provides a generally impermeable boundary to (X) between (Y) and (Z).

A 
X = electrical signals;
Y = atria
Z = ventricles
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25
Q

List the three major components of cardiac skeleton.

A
  1. Annuli fibrosae (four rings of dense CT)
  2. Trigona fibrosa (two triangular masses of CT)
  3. Septum membranaceum (dense fibrous plate)
26
Q

Annuli fibrosae: how many? What’s their function?

A

4 rings; surround and reinforce valve openings

27
Q

Part of cardiac skeleton that forms superior portion of interventricular septum.

A

Septum membranaceum

28
Q

Vein valves are formed from tunica (X).

A

X = intima

29
Q

Each heart valve is a fold of (X), with (rigid/flexible) core of (Y).

A

X = endocardium
Flexible;
Y = dense CT

30
Q

Scarring of valves causes them to become less (X). Thus, they don’t (close/open) properly.

A

X = elastic

Close (incompetence) or open (stenosis)

31
Q

“Pacemaker” of heart, (X), is located on (Y) wall/floor of which chamber?

A

X = SA node
Y = medial wall
RA

32
Q

Impulses from SA node travel to (X), located in which part of heart?

A

X = AV node

Interatrial septum

33
Q

Impulses from AV node travel to (X), located in which part of heart?

A

X = atrioventricular bundle of His

Passes into interventricular septum

34
Q

Bundle branches (one for each ventricle) form from splitting of (X). These bundles then split to form (Y).

A 
X = atrioventricular bundle of His
Y = Purkinje fibers
35
Q

(Elastic/muscular) arteries are the largest of the body. They function to provide driving pressure by means of (X) characteristic.

A

Elastic;

X = elastic recoil

36
Q

Portal system is a double (X), separated by (Y). List some places in body where you’d find portal system.

A 
X = capillary system
Y = artery or vein

Liver, pituitary, kidney

37
Q

T/F: Veins have more elastic walls than arteries.

A

False

38
Q

T/F: Veins have more flexible walls than arteries.

A

True

39
Q

T/F: Veins are more numerous than arteries.

A

True

40
Q

Some veins, like vena cava, have prominent longitudinal bundles of smooth muscle in tunica (X).

A

X = adventitia

41
Q

The richness of capillary network is related to which characteristic of the tissue?

A

Metabolic activity

42
Q

You’d expect to have higher capillary density in (dermis/myocardium).

A

Myocardium (2000 versus 50 in dermis)

43
Q

There’s about (X)% of body’s blood in capillaries at one time.

A

X = 5-8

44
Q

List the three basic types of capillaries. Star the most common type.

A
  1. Continuous*
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Sinusoid
45
Q

The (X) cells of continuous capillaries are joined to each other by (Y).

A 
X = endothelial
Y = intercellular (tight) junctions
46
Q

A characteristic of (X) vessels is caveolae, which are (Y) that function in (Z).

A 
X = continuous capillaries
Y = micropinocytotic vesicles
Z = transendothelial transport
47
Q

Blood-brain barrier and blood-thymus barrier are formed from which specialized vessels?

A

Continuous capillaries

48
Q

(X) vessel wall may contain pericytes. These are (Y)-derived (Z) cells.

A 
X = continuous and fenestrated capillaries
Y = mesenchyme
Z = stem
49
Q

(X) type of capillaries present in tissue where rapid/voluminous interchange of substances between tissue and (Y) is important.

A 
X = fenesterated
Y = blood
50
Q

Most diagnostic feature of (X) capillaries is the unusually large lumen.

A

X = sinusoid

51
Q

(X) type of capillaries allow blood to communicate directly with surrounding parenchyma.

A

X = sinusoid

52
Q

Glomeruli of kidney have which type of capillaries?

A

Fenestrated

53
Q

CNS and lungs have which type of capillaries?

A

Continuous

54
Q

Liver has (continuous/discontinuous) (X) type of capillaries.

A

Discontinuous;

X = sinusoid

55
Q

Exocrine glands have which type of capillaries?

A

Fenestrated

56
Q

Bone marrow and lymph node have which type of capillaries?

A

Sinusoid

57
Q

Endocrine glands have which type of capillaries?

A

Fenestrated and sinusoid

58
Q

T/F: Lymphatic capillaries have fenestrations.

A

Only lacteals

59
Q

Basement membrane is well-developed, continuous in (X) capillaries and scanty/absent in (Y) capillaries.

A 
X = continuous and fenestrated
Y = sinusoid and lymphatic
60
Q

T/F: In general, most capillaries have intercellular spaces.

A

False - but may be present in liver

61
Q

Which types of capillaries contain intercellular junctions?

A
  1. Continuous and fenestrated

2. Sinusoid (only if continuous)

CVS (11 decks)

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