Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EMBRYO Exam #1- Lo > 01-15: Transport of Gametes > Flashcards

01-15: Transport of Gametes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the status of the graafian follicle at pre-ovulation?

A

mature graafian follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the status of the oocyte at pre-ovulation?

A

oocyte arrested in Diplotene of Prophase I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes expansion of the follicle at pre-ovulation?

A

FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the status of the oocytes progress through Meiosis I and II at pre-ovulation?

A
  • Meiosis I = complete

- Arrested at Metaphase II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the status of the stigma at pre-ovulation?

A

formation of stigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens pre-ovulation?

A 
1- Mature graafian follicle
2- Oocyte arrested in Diplotene of Prophase I
3- Expansion of follicle by FSH and LH
4- Completion of meiosis I
5- Arrest at metaphase II
6- Formation of stigma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens at ovulation (Day 14)?

A

1- LH surge from anterior pituitary
2- Increased blood flow to follicle wall
3- Thickening of outer layers of follicle
4- Release of fluid/other compounds from BV
5- Local production of matrix metalloproteinases
6- Secretion of HA from cumulus cells
7- Inflammatory action (rupture of follicle wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the fluids and other components that are released at ovulation from BV?

A
  • Edema
  • Prostaglandins
  • Histamine
  • Vasopressin
  • Plasminogen activator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the matrix metalloproteinases do?

A

degrade extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When does the inflammatory action causing rupture of follicle wall occur during ovulation?

A

about 24 hours after the LH surge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is ovulated?

A
  • Ovum at Metaphase II
  • ZP
  • Corona radiata
  • Expanded cumulus oophorus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens when the fimbriae of the uterine tube move closer to the ovary and sweeps across the surface?

A
  • Ciliation of tube epithelial cells INCREASES

- Activity of tubal smooth muscle cells INCREASES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What transports the egg through the uterine tube?

A

contractions of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does it take the egg to transport through the ampulla?

A

72 hours (slow transport)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How long does it take the egg to transport through the isthmus?

A

8 hours (rapid transport)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the rapid transport of the egg through the isthmus require?

A

progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many days does it take the egg to arrive at the uterus?

A

3-4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How many days for:

  • Implantation
  • Blastocyst
  • Morula
  • Cleavage
A
  • Implantation = 6 days
  • Blastocyst = 4 days
  • Morula = 3 days
  • Cleavage = 1 day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

After spermiogenesis, what 3 kinds of transport does the sperm use?

A
  • passive transport (via testicular fluid)
  • smooth muscle contractions
  • seminiferous tubule cilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the sperm travel through after spermiogenesis?

A
  • Through Rete testes (network of tubules)
  • Through Efferent ductules (Efferent pathway)
  • To Head of epididymis (highly coiled)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the steps of sperm transport in the male?

A

1- Passive transport to Epididymis via testicular fluid

2- Maturation in Epididymis (2 weeks)

3- Rapid transit through Ductus Deferens

4- Addition of fluid from Seminal Vesicle

5- Addition of Prostatic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the steps of sperm transport in the female?

A

1- Sperm deposited in upper vagina (increase pH)

2- Cervix

3- Uterus

4- Uterine tubes

5- Up uterine tube by swimming and contractions of the tube

6- Small number of sperm near egg at a given time

23
Q

What happens during the sperm maturation in the head of the epididymis (12 days)?

A

Sperm head plasma membrane changes in glycoproteins (incapacitation)

24
Q

When are sperm capable of fertilization?

A

by the time they reach the tail of the epididymis

25
Q

What are the sperm ejaculated through?

A

Ductus deferens

26
Q

What are the additional fluid secretions that are ejaculated?

A
  • Fructose
  • Prostaglandins
  • Citric acid
  • Zn
  • Mg
  • Phosphatase
27
Q

What secretes Fructose and Prostaglandins?

A

Seminal vesicles

28
Q

What secretes Citric acid, Zn, Mg, and Phosphatase?

A

Prostate

29
Q

What buffers the acidity of vaginal fluids in the upper vagina?

A

seminal fluid

30
Q

What is the pH change in the upper vagina due to sperm transport?

A

4.3&raquo_space; 7.2

31
Q

What is the pH in the cervix?

A

6.0-6.5

Optimal for sperm motility

32
Q

How does the mucous block in the cervical canal change during mid cycle?

A
  • composition and viscosity of mucous changes

- thick&raquo_space; thin and watery

33
Q

Some spermatozoa reach the uterine tubes within _________ minutes following ejaculation

A

5-20 minutes

Initial rapid transport

These sperm = NOT as capable of fertilizing egg

34
Q

What does the initial rapid transport of sperm rely most on?

A

muscular movements of the female tract

35
Q

What does slow sperm transport involve?

A

sperm swimming through cervical mucous

36
Q

How fast does sperm move through the cervical canal during slow transport?

A

2-3 mm per hour

37
Q

Where is sperm stored during slow transport?

A

in cervical crypts

38
Q

How long can it take for the sperm to reach the oviducts during slow transport?

A

2-4 days

39
Q

What is the isthmus the site of?

A

capacitation

40
Q

What happens to the sperm after release following capacitation?

A

sperm move up the oviduct by:

  • Swimming movements
  • Peristaltic contractions
41
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

ampulla

42
Q

What happens to the membrana granulosa during the formation of the corpus luteum?

A

it breaks down

43
Q

Where do BV grow during the formation of the corpus luteum?

A

into the cavity of the ruptured follicle

44
Q

What causes the growth of BV into the cavity of the ruptured follicle?

A

External thecal cell angiogenic factor release

45
Q

What causes the leutinization of granulosa cells?

A

granulosa lutein cells = secrete increasing amounts of progesterone and some estrogen

46
Q

How does the corpus luteum breakdown in the absence of fertilization late in the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Apoptosis

- Uterine luteolytic factors

47
Q

How is the corpus albicans formed from granulosa lutein?

A

the granulosa lutein cells are replaced with collagenous scar tissue

48
Q

What is the fate of the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs?

A
  • it is maintained by HCG from future placental tissues
  • granulosa lutein cells are replaced by theca lutein cells
  • it remains functional until after the 1st trimester
49
Q

What is capacitation required for?

A

sperm to undergo acrosomal reaction

50
Q

Where does capacitation occur?

A

in the isthmus in the uterine tube

51
Q

What does capacitation require?

A

binding of sperm to tubal epithelium

52
Q

What are the steps of capacitation?

A

1- Cholesterol removed from sperm surface
2- Glycoproteins from epididymis are removed
3- Period of hyperactivity
4- Release of sperm in small numbers

53
Q

Removal of cholesterol from the sperm surface inhibits _____________

A

premature capacitation

EMBRYO Exam #1- Lo (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions