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Movement and Musculoskeletal Biology Emily > 008 Anatomy of the arm, elbow and cubital fossa > Flashcards

008 Anatomy of the arm, elbow and cubital fossa Flashcards

1
Q

describe the anatomical features on the posterior side of the humerus (proximal half)

A
  • head (round at top)
  • anatomical neck where head attaches to rest of humerus
  • greater tubercle between anatomical neck and surgical neck
  • surgical neck under greater tubercle
  • triceps attachment beneath surgical neck
  • radial groove for radial nerve and profunda brachii
  • then deltoid tuberosity for deltoid attachment (lateral)
  • then coracobrachialis attachment medial and halfway down humerus
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2
Q

describe the anatomical features of the anterior side of the humerus (proximal half)

A
  • greater tubercle lateral
  • lesser tubercle medial
  • bicipital groove/intertubercular sulcus = between lesser and greater tubercle and is the attachment of the bicep tendon
  • deltoid tuberosity is lateral halfway down
  • attachment for coracobrachialis is medial half way down
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3
Q

describe the anatomical features of the anterior side of the distal part of the humerus

A
  • lateral supraepicondylar ridge
  • medial supraepicondylar ridge
  • radial fossa = lateral, slot for radius when arm bent
  • coronoid fossa = medial, slot for ulna when arm bent
  • lateral epicondyle (more distal)
  • medial epicondyle (more distal
  • capitulum = articular surface for radius
  • trochlea = articular surface for ulna
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4
Q

describe the anatomical features of the posterior side of the distal part of the humerus

A
  • posterior part of the trochlea = attaches to ulna
  • olecranon fossa ( for the olecranon of the ulna)
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5
Q

describe what happens if you fracture the humerus above the deltoid insertion

A
  • rotator cuff muscles will pull upper part of arm inwards and deltoid pulls lower part of arm downwards
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6
Q

describe what happens if you fracture the humerus below the deltoid insertion

A
  • more common
  • deltoid pulls upper part of arm outwards
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7
Q

describe the anatomical features of the anterior proximal half view of the radius

A
  • radius = lateral = side of thumb
  • head of radius = attaches to capitulum of humerus
  • neck of radius, beneath head
  • radial tuberosity (medial), where the bicep brachii muscle inserts
  • oblique line below radial tuberosity
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8
Q

describe the anatomical features of the proximal half of the ulna

A
  • ulna = medial = pinky
  • olecranon = posterior/back of ulna head, behind trochlea notch, where tricep brachii muscle attaches
  • olecranon = tip of elbow
  • trochlea notch = where ulna meets the humerus
  • coronoid process, bony part sticking out beneath trochlea notch
  • radial notch, lateral = where radius slots into ulna
  • ulnar tuberosity = bump below coronoid process = attachment for brachialis muscle
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9
Q

what are the 4 movements at the elbow?

A
  • flexion, extension
  • pronation, supination
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10
Q

what is the bony part of the elbow called?

A
  • olecranon
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11
Q

what attaches to the radial tuberosity of the radius?

A

bicep brachii

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12
Q

what attaches to the ulnar tuberosity on the ulna?

A

brachialis muscle

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13
Q

describe the membranes/fat areas on the elbow joint

A
  • 2 fat pads on top of the radius and ulna fossa in the humerus
  • synovial membrane on top of the bones in the elbow joint, strong and fibrous, strengthening the joint
  • sacciform recess = excess of synovial membrane/ capsule around elbow, below annular ligament
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14
Q

what is the sacciform recess?

A
  • excess synovial membrane/capsule below the annular ligament
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15
Q

what are the 3 ligaments on the elbow joint?

A
  • radial collateral ligament
  • ulnar collateral ligament
  • annular ligament
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16
Q

what is the origin and insertion of radial collateral ligament?

A
  • from lateral epicondyle to annular ligament of radius
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17
Q

what is the origin and insertion of ulnar collateral ligament?

A
  • from medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon
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18
Q

what is the location and function of the annular ligament?

A
  • loops around the head of the radius
  • allows radius to pivot and rotate against ulna without unarticulating
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19
Q

in this image what is the yellow, blue and red bone?

A

yellow = humerus
red = radius
blue = ulna

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20
Q

what do the 2 arrows point to in this image?

A
  • capitulum (left)
  • trochlea (right)
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21
Q

what is the clinical significance of the annular ligament in children?

A
  • ‘pulled elbow/nursemaid’s elbow
  • in children the annular ligament is not funnel-shaped, it has straight verticle sides, so it doesn’t lock in the radius
  • so if you pull a child arm upwards, the radius can pop out of the ligament and dislocate
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22
Q

what is a supracondylar fracture and what are the different types?

A
  • fracture of the humerus just above the epicondyles
  • type 1 = fracture but aligned still with the rest of humerus/elbow
  • type 2 = fractured and misaligned but 1 end still connected
  • type 3 = complete clean break, bones completely seperated
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23
Q

what is epicondylitis?

A
  • repetitive strain on the elbow causing inflammation of the lateral epicondyle ( tennis elbow) or medial epicondyle (golfers elbow)
  • strain from flexor and extensor muscles
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24
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the anterior arm?

A
  • biceps
  • coracobrachialis
  • brachialis
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25
what is the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle?
- corocoid process of the scapula
26
what is the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle?
- medial aspect of the humerus
27
what is the innervation of the coracobrachialis muscle?
- musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)
28
what is the action of the coracobrachialis muscle?
- flexes and adducts arm at shoulder
29
what is the origin of the biceps brachii muscle?g
- long head = supraglenoid tubercle of scapula - short head = coracoid process of scapula
30
what is the insertion of the biceps brachii?
- radial tuberosity (both heads)
31
what is the innervation of the biceps brachii?
- musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)
32
what is the action of the biceps brachii?
- flexion of arm and forearm, and powerful supination
33
what is the origin of the brachialis?
- anterior of humerus
34
what is the insertion of the brachialis?
- ulnar tuberosity and anterior surface of coronoid process of ulna
35
what is the innervation of the brachialis?
- musculocutaneous nerve (C5-6) and radial nerve (C7)
36
what is the action of the brachialis muscle?
powerful flexor of forearm
37
what is the origin of the long head of the tricep?
- infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
38
what is the origin of the lateral head of the tricep?
- posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
39
what is the origin of the medial head of tricep?
- inferior to the radial groove
40
what is the insertion of the tricep heads?
- all olecranon of ulna
41
what is the innervation of the triceps?
- radial nerve (C6,7,8)
42
what is the action of the triceps?
extension of arm and forearm
43
what are the main arteries in the upper arm?
- axillary artery --> called brachial artery past teres major - branches off brachial artery = profunda brachii, superior ulnar collateral, radial collateral, middle collateral, inferior ulnar collateral - then bisects into radial and ulnar artery
44
what are the branches off the brachial artery?
- profunda brachii (deep) - superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries - radial artery - ulnar artery
45
what are the branches off the profunda brachii artery?
- splits into radial and medial collateral artery
46
what does the radial collateral artery become past the elbow?
- radial recurrent artery, which joins into the radial artery
47
what does the middle collateral artery become past the elbow?
- inferior and posterior, anterior and common interosseous arteries
48
what does the superior ulnar collateral artery become past the elbow?
- posterior ulnar recurrent artery, which joins the radial artery
49
what does the inferior ulnar collateral artery become past the elbow?
- anterior ulnar recurrent artery, which joins the radial artery
50
what are the superficial veins of the arm?
- subclavian vein --> axillary vein --> basilic vein --> median cubital - cephalic vein along whole arm --> joins axillary vein at top
51
what are the deep veins of the arm?
- paired brachial veins, either side of brachial artery to help venous return ( vena comitantes) - ulnar and radial veins
52
what are vena comitantes?
- when a pair of veins have an artery in the middle to pulse and help with venous return
53
what is the anatomical location of the musculocutaneous nerve?
- C5-7 - passes through coracobrachialis and between biceps/brachialis - goes on to become lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
54
what is the anatomical location of the median nerve?
- C5-T1 - travels in anterior compartment, related to brachial artery
55
what is the anatomical location of the ulnar nerve?
- C7-T1 - follows brachial artery passes to posterior compartment around medial epicondyle
56
what is the anatomical locations of the radial nerve?
- C5-T1 - accompanies deep artery - passes anterior compartment anterior to elbow - muscular and cutaneous branches
57
what nerve is a fracture of the humerus likely to damage?
radial nerve
58
how can the ulnar nerve be damaged/compressed?
- pinched around elbow joint
59
what is the cubital fossa?
- triangular depression anterior to elbow joint when extended - used in venepuncture as important vessels are protected by aponeurosis beneath - also used to measure blood pressure of brachial artery
60
what is the lateral wall of the cubital fossa?
- brachialradialis
61
what is the medial wall of the cubital fossa?
- pronator teres
62
what is the superior border of the cubital fossa?
- line between the epicondyles of humerus
63
what is the floor of the cubital fossa?
- brachialis
64
what is the roof of the cubital fossa?
- skin, fascia
65
what are the contents of the cubital fossa?
- tendon of biceps brachii - brachial artery - median nerve - ( lateral to medial = TAN) - radial artery is just lateral to cubital fossa, but some textbooks say it is included
66
what is the cubital fossa protected by?
- aponeurosis, connective tissue sheet
67
what is superficial to the aponeurosis of the cubital fossa?
- median cubital, cephalic and basilica veins (used in venepuncture)
68
what is a?
brachial fascia
69
what is b?
cephalic vein
70
what is c?
brachialis
71
what is d?
- coracobrachialis
72
what is e?
humerus
73
what is f?
lateral intermuscular septum of arm
74
what is g?
radial nerve
75
what is h?
profunda brachii artery
76
what is i?
- triceps brachii lateral head
77
what is j?
- biceps brachii
78
what is k?
musculocutaneous nerve
79
what is L?
brachialis artery
80
what is m?
brachialis vein
81
what is n?
median nerve
82
what is o?
basilic vein
83
what is p?
superior ulnar collateral artery
84
what is q?
ulnar nerve
85
what is r?
medial intermuscular septum of arm
86
what is s?
triceps brachii long head
87
what is t?
triceps brachii medial head
88
what is 1?
pectoralis major
89
what is 2?
biceps brachii long head
90
what is 3?
biceps brachii short head
91
what is 4?
deltoid
92
what is 5?
coracobrachialis
93
what is 6?
triceps brachii lateral head
94
what is 7?
triceps brachii long head
95
what is 8?
teres major
96
what is 9?
biceps brachii
97
what is 10?
brachialis
98
what is 11?
triceps brachii medial head
99
what is 12?
triceps brachii lateral head
100
what is 13?
triceps brachii long head
101
what is 14?
biceps brachii
102
what is 15?
brachioradialis
103
what is 16?
brachialis
104
what is 17?
triceps brachii

Movement and Musculoskeletal Biology Emily (23 decks)

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