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Movement and Musculoskeletal Biology Emily > 008 Anatomy of the arm, elbow and cubital fossa > Flashcards

008 Anatomy of the arm, elbow and cubital fossa Flashcards

1
Q

describe the anatomical features on the posterior side of the humerus (proximal half)

A
  • head (round at top)
  • anatomical neck where head attaches to rest of humerus
  • greater tubercle between anatomical neck and surgical neck
  • surgical neck under greater tubercle
  • triceps attachment beneath surgical neck
  • radial groove for radial nerve and profunda brachii
  • then deltoid tuberosity for deltoid attachment (lateral)
  • then coracobrachialis attachment medial and halfway down humerus
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2
Q

describe the anatomical features of the anterior side of the humerus (proximal half)

A
  • greater tubercle lateral
  • lesser tubercle medial
  • bicipital groove/intertubercular sulcus = between lesser and greater tubercle and is the attachment of the bicep tendon
  • deltoid tuberosity is lateral halfway down
  • attachment for coracobrachialis is medial half way down
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3
Q

describe the anatomical features of the anterior side of the distal part of the humerus

A
  • lateral supraepicondylar ridge
  • medial supraepicondylar ridge
  • radial fossa = lateral, slot for radius when arm bent
  • coronoid fossa = medial, slot for ulna when arm bent
  • lateral epicondyle (more distal)
  • medial epicondyle (more distal
  • capitulum = articular surface for radius
  • trochlea = articular surface for ulna
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4
Q

describe the anatomical features of the posterior side of the distal part of the humerus

A
  • posterior part of the trochlea = attaches to ulna
  • olecranon fossa ( for the olecranon of the ulna)
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5
Q

describe what happens if you fracture the humerus above the deltoid insertion

A
  • rotator cuff muscles will pull upper part of arm inwards and deltoid pulls lower part of arm downwards
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6
Q

describe what happens if you fracture the humerus below the deltoid insertion

A
  • more common
  • deltoid pulls upper part of arm outwards
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7
Q

describe the anatomical features of the anterior proximal half view of the radius

A
  • radius = lateral = side of thumb
  • head of radius = attaches to capitulum of humerus
  • neck of radius, beneath head
  • radial tuberosity (medial), where the bicep brachii muscle inserts
  • oblique line below radial tuberosity
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8
Q

describe the anatomical features of the proximal half of the ulna

A
  • ulna = medial = pinky
  • olecranon = posterior/back of ulna head, behind trochlea notch, where tricep brachii muscle attaches
  • olecranon = tip of elbow
  • trochlea notch = where ulna meets the humerus
  • coronoid process, bony part sticking out beneath trochlea notch
  • radial notch, lateral = where radius slots into ulna
  • ulnar tuberosity = bump below coronoid process = attachment for brachialis muscle
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9
Q

what are the 4 movements at the elbow?

A
  • flexion, extension
  • pronation, supination
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10
Q

what is the bony part of the elbow called?

A
  • olecranon
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11
Q

what attaches to the radial tuberosity of the radius?

A

bicep brachii

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12
Q

what attaches to the ulnar tuberosity on the ulna?

A

brachialis muscle

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13
Q

describe the membranes/fat areas on the elbow joint

A
  • 2 fat pads on top of the radius and ulna fossa in the humerus
  • synovial membrane on top of the bones in the elbow joint, strong and fibrous, strengthening the joint
  • sacciform recess = excess of synovial membrane/ capsule around elbow, below annular ligament
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14
Q

what is the sacciform recess?

A
  • excess synovial membrane/capsule below the annular ligament
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15
Q

what are the 3 ligaments on the elbow joint?

A
  • radial collateral ligament
  • ulnar collateral ligament
  • annular ligament
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16
Q

what is the origin and insertion of radial collateral ligament?

A
  • from lateral epicondyle to annular ligament of radius
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17
Q

what is the origin and insertion of ulnar collateral ligament?

A
  • from medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon
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18
Q

what is the location and function of the annular ligament?

A
  • loops around the head of the radius
  • allows radius to pivot and rotate against ulna without unarticulating
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19
Q

in this image what is the yellow, blue and red bone?

A

yellow = humerus
red = radius
blue = ulna

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20
Q

what do the 2 arrows point to in this image?

A
  • capitulum (left)
  • trochlea (right)
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21
Q

what is the clinical significance of the annular ligament in children?

A
  • ‘pulled elbow/nursemaid’s elbow
  • in children the annular ligament is not funnel-shaped, it has straight verticle sides, so it doesn’t lock in the radius
  • so if you pull a child arm upwards, the radius can pop out of the ligament and dislocate
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22
Q

what is a supracondylar fracture and what are the different types?

A
  • fracture of the humerus just above the epicondyles
  • type 1 = fracture but aligned still with the rest of humerus/elbow
  • type 2 = fractured and misaligned but 1 end still connected
  • type 3 = complete clean break, bones completely seperated
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23
Q

what is epicondylitis?

A
  • repetitive strain on the elbow causing inflammation of the lateral epicondyle ( tennis elbow) or medial epicondyle (golfers elbow)
  • strain from flexor and extensor muscles
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24
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the anterior arm?

A
  • biceps
  • coracobrachialis
  • brachialis
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25
Q

what is the origin of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A
  • corocoid process of the scapula
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26
Q

what is the insertion of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A
  • medial aspect of the humerus
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27
Q

what is the innervation of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A
  • musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)
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28
Q

what is the action of the coracobrachialis muscle?

A
  • flexes and adducts arm at shoulder
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29
Q

what is the origin of the biceps brachii muscle?g

A
  • long head = supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • short head = coracoid process of scapula
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30
Q

what is the insertion of the biceps brachii?

A
  • radial tuberosity (both heads)
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31
Q

what is the innervation of the biceps brachii?

A
  • musculocutaneous nerve (C5-7)
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32
Q

what is the action of the biceps brachii?

A
  • flexion of arm and forearm, and powerful supination
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33
Q

what is the origin of the brachialis?

A
  • anterior of humerus
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34
Q

what is the insertion of the brachialis?

A
  • ulnar tuberosity and anterior surface of coronoid process of ulna
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35
Q

what is the innervation of the brachialis?

A
  • musculocutaneous nerve (C5-6) and radial nerve (C7)
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36
Q

what is the action of the brachialis muscle?

A

powerful flexor of forearm

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37
Q

what is the origin of the long head of the tricep?

A
  • infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
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38
Q

what is the origin of the lateral head of the tricep?

A
  • posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
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39
Q

what is the origin of the medial head of tricep?

A
  • inferior to the radial groove
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40
Q

what is the insertion of the tricep heads?

A
  • all olecranon of ulna
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41
Q

what is the innervation of the triceps?

A
  • radial nerve (C6,7,8)
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42
Q

what is the action of the triceps?

A

extension of arm and forearm

43
Q

what are the main arteries in the upper arm?

A
  • axillary artery –> called brachial artery past teres major
  • branches off brachial artery = profunda brachii, superior ulnar collateral, radial collateral, middle collateral, inferior ulnar collateral
  • then bisects into radial and ulnar artery
44
Q

what are the branches off the brachial artery?

A
  • profunda brachii (deep)
  • superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries
  • radial artery
  • ulnar artery
45
Q

what are the branches off the profunda brachii artery?

A
  • splits into radial and medial collateral artery
46
Q

what does the radial collateral artery become past the elbow?

A
  • radial recurrent artery, which joins into the radial artery
47
Q

what does the middle collateral artery become past the elbow?

A
  • inferior and posterior, anterior and common interosseous arteries
48
Q

what does the superior ulnar collateral artery become past the elbow?

A
  • posterior ulnar recurrent artery, which joins the radial artery
49
Q

what does the inferior ulnar collateral artery become past the elbow?

A
  • anterior ulnar recurrent artery, which joins the radial artery
50
Q

what are the superficial veins of the arm?

A
  • subclavian vein –> axillary vein –> basilic vein –> median cubital
  • cephalic vein along whole arm –> joins axillary vein at top
51
Q

what are the deep veins of the arm?

A
  • paired brachial veins, either side of brachial artery to help venous return ( vena comitantes)
  • ulnar and radial veins
52
Q

what are vena comitantes?

A
  • when a pair of veins have an artery in the middle to pulse and help with venous return
53
Q

what is the anatomical location of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • C5-7
  • passes through coracobrachialis and between biceps/brachialis
  • goes on to become lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
54
Q

what is the anatomical location of the median nerve?

A
  • C5-T1
  • travels in anterior compartment, related to brachial artery
55
Q

what is the anatomical location of the ulnar nerve?

A
  • C7-T1
  • follows brachial artery passes to posterior compartment around medial epicondyle
56
Q

what is the anatomical locations of the radial nerve?

A
  • C5-T1
  • accompanies deep artery
  • passes anterior compartment anterior to elbow
  • muscular and cutaneous branches
57
Q

what nerve is a fracture of the humerus likely to damage?

A

radial nerve

58
Q

how can the ulnar nerve be damaged/compressed?

A
  • pinched around elbow joint
59
Q

what is the cubital fossa?

A
  • triangular depression anterior to elbow joint when extended
  • used in venepuncture as important vessels are protected by aponeurosis beneath
  • also used to measure blood pressure of brachial artery
60
Q

what is the lateral wall of the cubital fossa?

A
  • brachialradialis
61
Q

what is the medial wall of the cubital fossa?

A
  • pronator teres
62
Q

what is the superior border of the cubital fossa?

A
  • line between the epicondyles of humerus
63
Q

what is the floor of the cubital fossa?

A
  • brachialis
64
Q

what is the roof of the cubital fossa?

A
  • skin, fascia
65
Q

what are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A
  • tendon of biceps brachii
  • brachial artery
  • median nerve
  • ( lateral to medial = TAN)
  • radial artery is just lateral to cubital fossa, but some textbooks say it is included
66
Q

what is the cubital fossa protected by?

A
  • aponeurosis, connective tissue sheet
67
Q

what is superficial to the aponeurosis of the cubital fossa?

A
  • median cubital, cephalic and basilica veins (used in venepuncture)
68
Q

what is a?

A

brachial fascia

69
Q

what is b?

A

cephalic vein

70
Q

what is c?

A

brachialis

71
Q

what is d?

A
  • coracobrachialis
72
Q

what is e?

73
Q

what is f?

A

lateral intermuscular septum of arm

74
Q

what is g?

A

radial nerve

75
Q

what is h?

A

profunda brachii artery

76
Q

what is i?

A
  • triceps brachii lateral head
77
Q

what is j?

A
  • biceps brachii
78
Q

what is k?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

79
Q

what is L?

A

brachialis artery

80
Q

what is m?

A

brachialis vein

81
Q

what is n?

A

median nerve

82
Q

what is o?

A

basilic vein

83
Q

what is p?

A

superior ulnar collateral artery

84
Q

what is q?

A

ulnar nerve

85
Q

what is r?

A

medial intermuscular septum of arm

86
Q

what is s?

A

triceps brachii long head

87
Q

what is t?

A

triceps brachii medial head

88
Q

what is 1?

A

pectoralis major

89
Q

what is 2?

A

biceps brachii long head

90
Q

what is 3?

A

biceps brachii short head

91
Q

what is 4?

92
Q

what is 5?

A

coracobrachialis

93
Q

what is 6?

A

triceps brachii lateral head

94
Q

what is 7?

A

triceps brachii long head

95
Q

what is 8?

A

teres major

96
Q

what is 9?

A

biceps brachii

97
Q

what is 10?

A

brachialis

98
Q

what is 11?

A

triceps brachii medial head

99
Q

what is 12?

A

triceps brachii lateral head

100
Q

what is 13?

A

triceps brachii long head

101
Q

what is 14?

A

biceps brachii

102
Q

what is 15?

A

brachioradialis

103
Q

what is 16?

A

brachialis

104
Q

what is 17?

A

triceps brachii

Movement and Musculoskeletal Biology Emily (23 decks)

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