003 Muscles and movement Flashcards
what 2 systems is the musculoskeletal system made out of?
- skeletal system
- muscular system
what is the role/function of the skeletal system?
- bones, cartilages, joints
- protection, support
- body movement
- produces blood cells
- stores minerals and fats
what is the role/function of the muscular system?
- muscles attached to the skeletal system
- maintains posture and balance
- produces body movement
- generates body heat
in basic terms, how do we move?
- muscles pull on bones
- joints between bones allow either no movement, little movement or free movement
what are the 3 different types of joints?
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
describe fibrous joints and give an example
- bones linked by fibrous connective tissue
- little or no movement
- e.g. sutures in cranium of skull
describe cartilaginous joints and give an example
- bones linked by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
- elasticity allows some movementy
- e.g. pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
describe synovial joints and give an example
- joints enclosed by a fluid filled synovial capsule
- allows a lot of movement
- e.g. knee joint
what are the 6 different types of synovial joints?
- plane joint
- saddle joint
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- ball and socket joint
- ellipsoid joint
what is a plane joint and give an example
- very slight movement
- e.g. intervertebral
what is a saddle joint and give an example
- 2 axis movement
- e.g. carpometacarpal pollicis (thumb joint)
what is a hinge joint and give an example
- 1 axis movement
- e.g. elbow
what is pivot joint and give an example
- rotational movement
- e.g. proximal radioulnar in elbow
what is ball and socket joint and give an example
- multiple axis movement and some rotational movement
- e.g. shoulder joint
what is ellipsoid joint and give an example
- 2 axes movement, but can be also 1 axis ( metacarpophalangeal) or multiple axes (radiocarpal) movement
- e.g. atlantooccipital joint between spine and skull
what is extension in the elbow, shoulder, neck, trunk, knee and foot?
- elbow = opening/increasing the joint angle = arm straight
- shoulder = moving arm posterior to coronal plane
- neck = moving neck backwards, posterior to coronal plane
- trunk = moving body backwards
- knee = increasing joining angle = leg straight
- foot = both directions are flexion, pointing down = plantar flexion, pointing towards shin = dorsiflexion
what is abduction?
- move away from the midline
- e.g. raise arms up and out
what is adduction?
- move towards the midline/bring together
- e.g. bring arms down by torso sides
what is lateral rotation?
rotating the limb away from the midline from the joint/bend
- e.g. rotating the forearm away from the trunk at the elbow
what is medial rotation?
- rotating the limb towards the midline from the joint/bend
- e.g. rotating the forearm towards the trunk at the elbow
what is pronation?
- lying face down
- rotating palm until face down
- ulna and radius are crossed
what is supination?
- facing upwards
- rotating palm until facing up
- ulna and radius are uncrossed
what is Dysdiadochokinesia?
- when you cannot rapidly change between pronation and supination due to cerebellum injury
what is circumduction?
- a combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
- shoulder movements
- imagine moving arm in the shape of a cone