001 Anatomy session 1 Flashcards
what is A?
platsyma muscle
what is b?
inferior margin of the mandible
what is A?
external jugular vein
what is b?
internal jugular vein
what is c?
transversus collis nerve
what is d?
supraclavicular nerves (lateral)
what is e?
lesser occupital nerve
what is f?
greater auricular nerve
what is g?
supraclavicular nerves (anterior)
what is 1 and 2?
1 = sternal head of sternocleidomastoid
2 = clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid
what is 3?
3 = trapezius
what is 4?
clavicle
what are the 4 anatomical triangles in the neck?
- carotid triangle
- muscular triangle
- submandibular triangle
- anterior neck triangle
what are the borders of the carotid triangle?
- sternocleidomastoid = lateral
- omohyoid = medial
- stylohyoid and digastric = superior
what are the contents of the carotid triangle?
carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve, and sympathetic plexus
what are the borders of the muscular neck triangle?
anterior/medial = median line of the neck from the hyoid bone to the sternum
lateral = sternocleidomastoid and omohyoid
what are the contents of the muscular neck triangle?
infrahyoid muscles (thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid), vessels (superior and inferior thyroid arteries, anterior jugular veins) and viscera (thyroid and parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, esophagus)
what are the borders of the submandibular triangle?
- posterior and anterior bellies of digastric
- top = inferior border of mandible
- floor = mylohyoid muscle
what are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
- carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, deep cervical lymph nodes, vagus and hypoglossal nerve, submandibular gland and lymph nodes, facial nerve, vein and artery
what are the borders of the anterior neck triangle?
- Laterally = sternocleidomastoid muscle
- superior = mandible
- Medially = midline of the neck.
what are the contents of the anterior neck triangle?
- contains muscular neck triangle, carotid triangle, submandibular triangle
-suprahyoid (Stylohyoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid) and infrahyoid (Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid) muscles - common carotid artery = external and internal carotid branches.
- internal jugular vein
- cranial nerves = facial [VII], glossopharyngeal [IX], vagus [X], accessory [XI], and hypoglossal [XII] nerves
- lymph nodes
what is 1?
carotid triangle
what is 2?
muscular triangle
what is 3?
submandibular triangle
what is 4?
anterior neck triangle
what is a?
sternocleidomastoid
what is b?
mandible
what is c?
midline of the neck
what is d?
anterior jugular vein
what is e?
facial artery and vein
what is 1?
hyoid
what is 2?
intrnal jugular vein
what is a?
omohyoid
what is b?
sternohyoid
what is c?
sternothyroid
what is d?
thryohyoid
what are the suprahyoid muscles?
Stylohyoid, Digastric, Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid
what are the infrahyoid muscles?
Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid
what is 1?
- internal jugular vein
what is 2?
omohyoid
what is 3?
sternohyoid
what is 4?
sternothyroid
what is 5?
thyrohyoid
what is a?
anterior root of the ansa cervicalis
what is b?
posterior root of the ansa cervicalis
what is c?
ansa cervicalis
what is 1?
common carotid
what is 2?
internal jugular vein
what is 3?
vagus vein
what is 4?
accessory nerve and cervical plexus
what is 5?
suprascapular nerve
what is a,b,c?
ansa cervicalis
what is a?
- anterior belly of digastric
what is b?
posterior belly of digastric
what is c?
stylohyoid
what is d?
hyoid
what is e?
facial artery
what is f?
mylohyoid
what is g?
submandibular gland
what is a?
lateral lobe thyroid
what is b?
isthmus
what is c?
right and left vagus nerves
what is d?
right recurrent laryngeal nerve
what is e?
left recurrent laryngeal nerve
what is f?
left scalenus nerve
what is g?
superior laryngeal nerve
what is a?
epiglottis
what is b?
aryepiglottic folds
what is c?
vestibule of the larynx
what is d?
vestibular folds (false cords)
what is e?
laryngeal ventricle
what is f?
true vocal cords
what is g?
arytenoid cartilages
what is h?
circoid cartilages
what are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?
- medial = sternocleidomastoid
- lateral = trapezius
- base = clavicle
- floor = splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenes, omohyoid
what are the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?
- subclavian artery, external jugular vein, transverse cervical and suprascapular veins
- accessory nerve, brachial plexus, cervical plexus
- lymph nodes
what are the origins of the scalene muscles?
- tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrate (C2-7)
what are the insertions of the scalene muscles?
- ribs 1/2
what is the innervation of the scalene muscles?
- anterior rami of C3-8
what is the action of scalene muscles?
- neck flexion and elevation of ribs 1/2
where does the phrenic nerve originate?
cervical nerves (C3-5)
- part of both brachial and cervical plexus
what does the phrenic nerve innervate?
- diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, pericardium, some of peritoneum
where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves originate from?
vagus nerve
what do the recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate?
- most intrinsic muscles of larynx
what are the pathways of the recurrent laryngeal nerves?
right = vagus nerve going down lateral to carotid –> loops in front and under right subclavian artery and back up and medial to right common carotid
left = vagus nerve going down lateral to carotid–> in front of subclavian artery and loops under ander and behind aortic arch and back up medial to carotid
what type of vertebrae is this and what makes it special?
cervical - small bodies, bifid spinous processes, transverse foramen in transverse proces
what is a?
superior articular facet (joins to vertebrae above)
what is b?
arch
what is c?
spinous process
what is d?
foramen transversarium
what is e?
posterior tubercle
what is f?
transverse process
what is g?
anterior tubercle
what is h?
body
what is the name of this specific vertebra and what makes it unique?
atlas = C1
- has no body or spinous process
- it has 2 bony arches (posterior and anterior) and 2 lateral masses
- also has articular facet for dens of axis
what is the name of this specific vertebra and what makes it unique?
- axis = C2
- odontoid process / dens = helps atlas rotate around (rotate head)
- does have a spinous process, superior and inferior articular facets, transverse process/foramen and lamina and pedicles like all other cervical vertebrae
what is the uncinate process?
superior ridge on cervical vertebrae on either side of the body to join with vertebrae above
what are the main features of the mandible/jaw?
- body (chin part)
- ramus (lower cheek part)
- angle (pointy 90 angle) where the body and ramus meet
- coronoid process
- mental foramen
- alveolar part (teeth part)
- oblique line
what is a?
mental foramen
what is b?
body of mandible
what is c?
coronoid process
what is d?
ramus of mandible
what is e?
angle
what is f?
condylar process
what is g?
styloid process
what is h?
occipital bone
what is I?
parietal bone
what is j?
pterion
what is k?
frontal bone
what are the key anatomical landmarks of the temporal bone?
- squamous (flat part)
- zygomatic process (articulates with zygomatic bone, forming cheekbone)
- tympanic (inferior to squamous, anterior to parietomastoid, it surrounds the external ear opening)
- styloid process (stick out part inferior, join to muscles)
- mastoid process (bump of bone felt just behind ear, attaches to muscles)
what is a?
zygomatic process
what is b?
styloid process
what is c?
tympanic part
what is d?
mastoid process
what is E?
squamous part of temporal bone
what is A?
thyroid
what is b?
oesophagus
what is c?
trachea
what is d?
common carotid artery
what is e?
internal jugular vein
what is a?
nasopharynx
what is b?
oropharynx
what is c?
laryngopharynx
what is d?
epiglottis
what is e?
hyoid bone
what is f?
trachea
what is g?
oesophagus
what is h?
superior pharyngeal constrictor
what is a?
nasal cavity
what is b?
oral cavity
what is c?
soft palate
what is d?
vestibular fold
what is e?
vestibular recess
what is f?
vocal fold
what is g?
hyoid bone
what is h?
ramus of mandible
what is I?
sphenoid sinus
what is the clinical relevance of the external/internal jugular vein?
- if head turned to side it is usually large and visible enough to get venous access if elsewhere is not available
what is intubation for and how does it happen?
- to help patient breathe when they cant
- tube inserted normally through mouth and down trachea
- use a laryngoscope to depress tongue and epiglottis forward
what is a coniostomy and what is it for?
- emergency procedure to get urgent access to airway
- access via cricothyroid membrane
what is tracheostomy and what is it for?
- for airway access for long period of time in conscious patients mostly, when they cant breathe for themselves
- tube put in above sternal notch and below thyroid gland
what is this an image of and what are they?
- thyroglossal duct cysts, most common in children
- painless asymptomatic masses until it gets infected
what is cervical lymphadenopathy?
- swelling of lymph nodes around cervical vertebrae
- could be due to metastases of tumours or from bacterial/viral infections
what are branchial cleft cysts?
- congential cysts in the neck/collarbones
- due to cervical anomaly
- asymptomatic unless infected
what is goitre?
- enlargement of the thyroid gland
- often due to low iodine
- if too big could have effects on breathing or swallowing
