0. Changes in genetic makeup HS

Question 1

An allele is ?

Answer 1

a variation of a gene at a particular gene locus

Question 2

A species is defined as …

Answer 2

A group of organisms that interbreed to produce viable and fertile offspring

Question 3

Phenotype is the ?

Answer 3

physical, behavioural or physiological characteristic of an organism which are a result of the combination of genotype and the environment

Question 4

Allele frequency is ..

Answer 4

The proportion of one allele in a population

Question 5

A point mutation is when ?

Answer 5

one single nucleotide is changed

Question 6

A silent mutation is where the ?

Answer 6

Base changes but still codes for the same base as the DNA code is degenerate

Question 7

A missense mutation is where ?

Answer 7

Base changes and so does the amino acids coded for so may affect the function of the protein

Question 8

A nonsense mutation is where ?

Answer 8

Base changes and so does the amino acids coded creating a stop codon and a non-functional protein

Question 9

A population is defined as ?

Answer 9

a group of individuals of the same species in the same defined geographical area

Question 10

Evolution is the ?

Answer 10

change in allele frequency over time

Question 11

Selective breeding is ?

Answer 11

Humans choosing which organisms will breed, and pass on their alleles, based on desired traits

Question 12

Define biological fitness

Answer 12

The ability to survive, reproduce and pass on alleles to the next generation

Question 13

Define selective agent/pressure

Answer 13

A factor in an organism’s environment that removes unsuited individuals from a population

Question 14

Using the acronym list the 5 steps of Natural Selection

Answer 14

VA – There is variation in the phenotypes in the xxxxxxx population due to random mutations as they have xxxxxxx
ST – All organisms face a daily struggle to survive and reproduce. Thexxxxxx withxxxxxx struggle because xxxxx (selection pressure)
SE – The xxxxx with xxxhave a selective advantage as they xxxxx
IN – The organisms that have a selective advantage (xxxx), survive, reproduce and their offspring inherit the alleles for the trait of XXXXXX
E – Evolution occurs by natural selection and there is a change in allele frequency over time and theXXX population becomes better suited to its environment.

Question 15

Define gene pool

Answer 15

The complete set of alleles present in a population.

Question 16

Aneuploidy is ?

Answer 16

A diploid cell with too many or too few chromosomes compared to their normal diploid number.

Question 17

Polyploidy is ….

Answer 17

A cell with more than one paired set of chromosome

Question 18

Genotype is

Answer 18

the allele combination of an individual

Question 19

A Mutation is ..

Answer 19

A change in the allele due to a change in the DNA

Question 20

Describe how we know if two organisms are separate species.

Answer 20

If they can interbreed to produce fertile and viable offpsirng then then are the same species.