修辞手法 - 比喻、夸张、拟人

Question 1

明喻

Answer 1

(míng)(yù)
Simile

• 典(diǎn)型(xíng)形(xíng)式(shì)是:甲像乙（A is like B.)。
• 本(běn)体(tǐ)喻(yù)体(tǐ)都出现,用喻词“像、似、仿佛、犹如”等。
• 例如:看,小女孩的脸如苹果般的浑圆红润。

Question 2

暗喻

Answer 2

(àn)(yù)
metaphor

典(diǎn)型(xíng)形(xíng)式(shì)是:甲是乙 (A is B)。

• 本(běn)体(tǐ)喻(yù)体(tǐ)都(dōu)出(chū)现(xiàn),常用“是”、“成了”、“变成”等(děng)喻(yù)词(cí)联(lián)结(jié)。

• 例如:家是我永远的避(bì)风(fēng)港(gǎng)。

Question 3

借喻

Answer 3

(jiè)(yù)
metaphor
• 典(diǎn)型(xíng)形(xíng)式(shì)是:甲(jiǎ)代(dài)乙(yǐ)(A to B; A & B must be different things but refer to the same thing e.g. apple to apple = X)。

• 不(bù)出(chū)现(xiàn)本(běn)体(tǐ),不(bú)用(yòng)喻(yù)词(cí),把(bǎ)喻(yù)体(tǐ)直(zhí)接(jiē)用(yòng)在(zài)本(běn)体(tǐ)应(yīng)该(gāi)出(chū)现(xiàn)的(de)位(wèi)置(zhì)。
• (No ontology and metaphors are used, and metaphors are used directly where the ontology should appear.)
• 例如:我终于放下了心里的大石头。

Question 4

比喻的特点：

there are 2

Answer 4

• 本体和喻体不(bú)是(shì)同(tóng)类(lèi)事(shì)物(wù)。
• (Subject and metaphor are not the same thing.)
• 本体和喻体存在形(xíng)状(zhuàng)、姿(zī)态(tài)、颜(yán)色(sè)、气(qì)味(wèi)等(děng)共(gòng)同(tóng)之(zhī)处(chù)。
• (Subject and metaphors have similarities in shape, posture, color, smell, etc.)
• e.g.“柏昇好像他的爸爸。”是比喻句吗?

不是!因为柏昇和他的爸爸是同类事物。

Question 5

比喻的作用

Answer 5

• 运用比喻可以使事物的特点更突(tū)出(chū),使表达更形象、生动。
• (The use of metaphors can make the characteristics of things more prominent and make the expression more deep and vivid).

Question 6

夸张

Answer 6

Kuāzhāng
Exaggeration

• 为某种表达的需要,对事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等方面刻意扩大或缩小,这种修辞手法就叫夸张。运用夸张可以增强表达效果与感染力,以便给读者留下深刻的印象。
• (Deliberately expanding or reducing the image, feature, function, degree, etc. of a thing for the needs of a certain expression, this rhetorical technique is called exaggeration. The use of exaggeration can enhance the expressive effect and appeal, so as to impress readers.)

Question 7

夸张的特点:

there are 3

Answer 7

• 从事物的某一方面切入,把这一方面扩大或缩小,以突出重点。
• (Cut in from a certain aspect of things, and expand or narrow this aspect to highlight the key points)
• 扩大式夸张:故意把事物说得特大、多、高、强、深等的夸张形式。
• (exaggerated hyperbole: deliberately exaggerated forms that say things are extra large, many, high, strong, deep, etc.)
• 缩小式夸张:故意把事物说得特小,少,低,弱,浅的夸张形式。
• (Reduced exaggeration: A form of exaggeration that deliberately says something very small, small, low, weak, or shallow.)

Question 8

扩大式夸张

Answer 8

扩(kuò)大(dà)式(shì)夸(kuā)张(zhāng)

exaggerated exaggeration

• 故意把事物说得特大、多、高、强、深等的夸张形。
• Exaggerated shapes that deliberately say things are extra big, many, high, strong, deep, etc.; basically big to even bigger
• 例子:他脸上的每一个器官,每一条皱(zhòu)纹(wén),甚至每一根头发都在微笑!(第三段)

• 作者通过扩大微笑的程度来突显王老师爱笑、幽默的性格特点。

Question 9

缩小式夸张

Answer 9

缩(suō)小(xiǎo)式(shì)夸(kuā)张(zhāng)

Reduced exaggeration

• 故意把事物说得特小,少,低,弱,浅的夸张形式。
• Exaggerated forms of deliberately making things very small, few, low, weak, shallow; basically small to even smaller
• 例子:眨(zhǎ)眼(yǎn)功(gōng)夫(fu)就站到了黑板前(第二段)

• 作者缩短了王老师的动作速度,以此突显王老师的行动敏捷。