УУУУ Flashcards
Opera
- An opera is a theatrical piece that tells a story totally through the music
Symphony
Musical Composition for full Orchestra, typically in four movements.
- Concerto
a Musical composition for a Solo instrument accompanied by an orchestra, typically in three movements.
- Ragtime Music
Piano Music which is characterised by a steady left hand with a syncopated right-hand melody.
- Dixieland Jazz
polyphonic jazz, due to the fact that all of the musicians play independent melodies at the same time.
- A Song Cycle
consists of about 8-20 songs that work together to tell a story.
- German Art Song or Lied
Composition for Solo Voice and Piano which was a Romantic genre
- Salon’s musiс
In the Vienna of 19th century, music lovers supported an economy of small, in-home concerts known as Salons.The intimate concerts hosted by wealthy families in their living room to advertise the Cultural and Social standing.
- Strophic form
the same music for each Verses of the Poem (usually appears in folk songs). in strophic song each stanza of text is set to the same music.
- Through-Composed
the term through-composed indicates that each line of text has unique melody, and no music is repeated
- Concept Album
A modern concept very similar to a Song cycle is a Concept Album, in which popular artistic release a collection of recordings that accomplish the same purpose as a sing cycle.
- Beyonceʼs Album ‘Lemonade’: is a good example of a concept album
- Raggae Music
Moderate, laid-back tempo. Quadruple meter with an emphasis on the off-beat. Active, syncopated bass line. Acoustic quit at and bass played in combination with woodwind instruments.
Woodstock Festival
The 1960s United States saw widespread domestic upheaval
*A series of high-profile assassinations included President John F. Kennedy, Malcolm X, Robert Kennedy, and Martin Luther King.
*Black Americans continued to face discrimination and violence
*The women’s rights movement gained visibility
*The ongoing Vietnam War provoked increasingly violent protests, culminating in the Kent State massacre of 1970
Against this backdrop, the first largest music festival known as Woodstock took place in outside New York
- Raga
Raga is a seven pitched scale in North Indian traditional music
It associations with:
*A season and time of day
*An emotion
The performance of a raga is largely Improvised.
Tala
A tala is a pattern of beats
*Most talas contain between 6 and 16 beats
- Makam
The Ottoman courts cultivated the tradition of makam music
*This music was influenced by Armenian, Arabic, Persian, and European practices
Makam music is Heterophonic
*This means that each instrument plays an idiomatic version of the same melody
*There is usually one player per instrument
*Melody instruments are accompanied by various percussion instruments
- Repetition
Ostinato and Strophic forms Ostinato Form: Short Rhythmic or Melodic phrase that repeats throughout a composition.
Strophic form: the same music for each Verses of the Poem (usually appears in folk songs)
- Contrast
Ternary Form ABA, Binary form AB, and Rondo form ABACAD
Forms
Repetition occurs when we hear the same thing twice (A A)
Variation occurs when musical material returns, but with alterations (A A’)
Contrast is produced with musical material that has not been heard before (A B)
Rhythm
the temporal aspect of sound
meter
When pulses are organized into groups containing strong and weak beats
The melody
constructed from a sequence of pitches
Melodic range
the distance between low and high pitches in a melody
harmony
constructed out of groups of pitches that are sounded simultaneously
dynamic level
Classical musicians use the Italian terms fortissimo (very loud), forte (loud), mezzo forte (medium loud), mezzo piano (medium soft), piano (soft), and pianissimo (very soft)
Texture
Monophonic music has a single melody line, performed by a soloist or in unison, with no accompaniment: https://youtu.be/MzhsYdN1yMQ
If you add an accompaniment that is secondary to the melody, you have homophonic music: https://youtu.be/NrgmdOz227I
In polyphonic music, every voice is independent but equally important, and there is no distinction between melody and harmony: https://youtu.be/xM7Guq2XDaE
In heterophonic music, multiple instruments or voices each perform a unique version of the same melody, such that unison is not achieved: https://youtu.be/7TcVJViSksY
folk music
type of traditional and generally rural music that originally was passed down through families and other small social groups
