˚₊‧ʚ♡ɞ‧₊˚ 𝚍𝚛𝚞𝚐𝚜 & 𝚊𝚍𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 ˚₊‧ʚ♡ɞ‧₊˚ Flashcards
𝚠𝚑𝚒𝚌𝚑 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚏𝚘𝚕𝚕𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚒𝚜 𝚊 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚖𝚘𝚗 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚗𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚝𝚘 𝚊𝚍𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗? 𝚜𝚎𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚝 𝚊𝚕𝚕 𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚝 𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚠𝚎𝚛𝚜.
𝚊) 𝚝𝚘𝚕𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎
𝚋) 𝚖𝚘𝚘𝚍 𝚖𝚘𝚍𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗
𝚌) 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚏𝚕𝚒𝚌𝚝
𝚍) 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚘𝚌𝚌𝚞𝚙𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗
꒰ა♡𝚊𝚕𝚕♡໒꒱
𝚃𝚑𝚎 _______ 𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚢𝚜 𝚊 𝚙𝚘𝚠𝚎𝚛𝚏𝚞𝚕 𝚛𝚘𝚕𝚎 𝚒𝚗 𝚊𝚍𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗.
𝚊) 𝙼𝚎𝚜𝚘𝚝𝚎𝚖𝚙𝚘𝚛𝚊𝚕 𝚍𝚘𝚙𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚌𝚒𝚛𝚌𝚞𝚒𝚝
𝚋) 𝙼𝚎𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚋𝚒𝚌 𝚍𝚘𝚙𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚝𝚑𝚠𝚊𝚢
𝚌) 𝚏𝚛𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚕-𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚋𝚒𝚌 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚘𝚗𝚒𝚗 𝚙𝚊𝚝𝚑𝚠𝚊𝚢
𝚍) 𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚕 𝚊𝚌𝚌𝚞𝚖𝚋𝚎𝚗𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚝𝚘𝚗𝚒𝚗 𝚌𝚒𝚛𝚌𝚞𝚒𝚝
꒰ა♡ 𝙼𝚎𝚜𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚖𝚋𝚒𝚌 𝚍𝚘𝚙𝚊𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚙𝚊𝚝𝚑𝚠𝚊𝚢 ♡໒꒱
𝚠𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚠𝚘𝚛𝚍 𝚛𝚎𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚜 𝚝𝚘 𝚊 𝚜𝚞𝚋𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚛𝚘𝚍𝚞𝚌𝚎𝚍 𝚠/𝚒𝚗 𝚊𝚗 𝚘𝚛𝚐𝚊𝚗𝚒𝚜𝚖?
𝚊) 𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚘𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚞𝚜
𝚋) 𝚑𝚎𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚞𝚜
𝚌) 𝚎𝚡𝚘𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚞𝚜
𝚍) 𝚑𝚘𝚖𝚘𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚞𝚜
꒰ა♡ 𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚘𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚞𝚜 ♡໒꒱
𝚊𝚌𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙲𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚕𝚕𝚎𝚍 𝚂𝚞𝚋𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚜 𝙰𝚌𝚝, 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚎 𝚊𝚛𝚎 _ 𝚍𝚛𝚞𝚐 𝚜𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚍𝚞𝚕𝚎𝚜.
꒰ა♡ 5 ♡໒꒱
𝚊𝚌𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚘 𝚆𝙷𝙾’𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚏𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚘𝚏 𝚊 𝚍𝚛𝚞𝚐, 𝚏𝚘𝚘𝚍 𝚒𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚍 𝚊 𝚍𝚛𝚞𝚐.
𝚊) 𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚎
𝚋) 𝚏𝚊𝚕𝚜𝚎
꒰ა♡ 𝚏𝚊𝚕𝚜𝚎 ♡໒꒱
What are the parts & functions of a neuron?
synaptic terminals: brings signals from other neurons.
dendrites: receive signals from neurons
cell body: integrates signals & coordinates metabolic activities
axon: transmits the AP
myelin: insulates axon
what is the action potential (AP)?
electrical impulse that travels from cell body, down axon, to axon terminals.
How does an AP work?
Trigger (Stimulus): An event (electrical or chemical) triggers the opening of sodium ion channels in the axon hillock of the neuron.
Response (Depolarization): sodium ions rush into the cell, inside of neuron rapidly becomes more positively charged than outside, reaching AP peak.
Repolarization: Potassium ion channels open, allowing them to flow out of the cell, and sodium ion channels close. This restores original voltage across the membrane (resting potential).
What is a neurotransmitter & receptor?
Neurotransmitters: chemical messengers (dopamine, serotonin) allowing communication btwn neurons by transmitting signals across synapses.
Receptors: specialized proteins on the membrane of receiving neurons. each receptor is specific to a particular NT like a lock & key.
how are neurotransmitters removed from the synapse?
reuptake into nerve terminals or surrounding glial cells, diffusion, enzymatic degradation.
What are the general effects/functions of catecholamines?
Catecholamines – dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine (“get up & go” – boost alertness & energy, increases focus &attention, helps w/ movement & reactions, role in reward & motivation).
what are the general effects/functions of serotonin?
Serotonin (“mood stabilizer”) regulates mood (happy, calm), influence sleep, involved in appetite & digestion, role in memory.
what are general effects/functions of opioids?
Opioids (“pain killer”) blocks pain signals, creates feeling of euphoria, can be highly addictive.
what are the divisions of the nervous system? What are the functions?
- CNS “control center” brain & spinal cord. processes info & sends commands to rest of body.
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to the rest of the body. Carries messages between CNS & muscles, organs, senses.
what is the sympathetic nervous system functions?
“fight or flight” system, responds in stressful/dangerous situations. Preps body for action by:
increasing heart rate & breathing, dilating pupils, sending more blood to muscles, slowing digestion.
Location, brain areas, and function of the dopamine reward pathway?
Starting point is the VTA, where dopamine gets made. Travels to Nucleus Accumbens (reward center). When dopamine arrives here, we experience motivation, pleasure, and excitement. Functional in reward (activates when we do something good for ourselves like eating yummy food. Dopamine release makes us feel good & wanna do those things again) & learning (helps us learn which things make us feel good, leaving us more likely to do those behaviors in future).
what is a “drug”
chemical entity/mix altering biological function/structure when administered.
what is a psychoactive drug?
substance affecting mind (mood & emotion, cognition, behavior), often producing euphoria and/or altered perception.
What is the blood brain barrier (BBB)?
Layer of cells around brain’s blood vessels controlling what enters/leaves your brain-protective.
Allows the essentials like oxygen, nutrients, water
Filters bad stuff (toxins, bacteria, medication)
What are non-medical reasons people choose to use drugs?
avoiding pain, altering consciousness, enhancing experiences & social interaction, alter/improve body.
what are drug schedules? what do the numbers reflect?
drug schedules classify drugs into different categories(#s) based on the potential for abuse, medical benefits, and chance of producing dependence (from most to least, higher #s most dangerous/controlled).
What is the drug schedule for: cocaine, meth/amphetamine, LSD, psilocybin, MDMA, morphine, heroin?
Schedule 1: LSD, MDMA, heroin, psilocybin.
Schedule 2: cocaine, methamphetamine, morphine.
What is the definition of abuse vs. misuse?
ABUSE: using drugs for purposes other than their intended one or in large amounts.
MISUSE: using medications in an inappropriate manner.
What is psychological dependence?
emotional need/craving for drug w/o underlying physical foundation.
