Zygot Formation, Chromosomal Mutations, Embryo Formation

Question 1

Haploid+haploid=?

Answer 1

Diploid

Question 2

n+n=?

Answer 2

2n

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

Newly fertilized egg

Question 4

Is the new zygote diploid or haploid?

Answer 4

Diploid

Question 5

What are the two types of fertilization?

Answer 5

External fertilization
and
Internal fertilization

Question 6

How does External fertilization occur?

Answer 6

Gametes join together outside the body of the female.

Question 7

How does internal fertilization occur?

Answer 7

Gametes join together inside the female

Question 8

There are_______ eggs in external fertilization.

Answer 8

Many

Question 9

There are ______ eggs in internal fertilization.

Answer 9

Few

Question 10

Describe the zygotes in external fertilization.

Answer 10

A large number are produced because they are more likely to be damaged outside

Question 11

Describe the zygotes in internal fertilization.

Answer 11

Few because they are protected by the moist internal environment of the female

Question 12

Examples of external fertilization

Answer 12

Fish, frogs

Question 13

Examples of internal fertilization

Answer 13

Land animals

Question 14

What is a chromosome mutation?

Answer 14

When changes occur which include variations in the number of individual chromosomes

Question 15

What’s a trisomy?

Answer 15

3 copies of a single chromosome

Question 16

What number chromosome has a trisomy in Down syndrome?

Answer 16

21st

Question 17

What disease is 2n+1?

Answer 17

Down Syndrome

Question 18

Down syndrome is found in ______ of every _____ births.

Answer 18

3, 1000

Question 19

Name some characteristics of someone with down Syndrome.

Answer 19

Short stature, small, round head, mental disabilities with IQ seldom above 70, shorter life expectancy, more likely to have respiratory disease and heart defects

Question 20

Frequency of babies with Down syndrome __________ as the age of the mother ________

Answer 20

Increases, increases

Question 21

Describe Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 21

Males with male genitalia but under developed testes that cannot produce sperm. Enlargement of breasts.

Question 22

What is wrong with the chromosomes of a person with Klinefelter Syndrome?

Answer 22

They have a trisomy of the sex chromosome. They have a Y and 2 x’s instead of one.

Question 23

Klinefelter Syndrome occurs in _____ of every _____ male births.

Answer 23

1, 500

Question 24

What’s a monosomy?

Answer 24

Having one copy of a single chromosome

2n-1) (1 less than you need

Question 25

Describe Turner Syndrome

Answer 25

Female external genitalia but under developed ovaries. Also webbed neck, broad chest, abnormally short.

Question 26

What is mutated in the chromosomes of someone with Turner syndrome?

Answer 26

They have a monosomy of the sex chromosome. They only have 1 X chromosome

Question 27

Turner Syndrome occurs in _____ in every _____ female births

Answer 27

1, 3000

Question 28

Fertilization

Answer 28

Union of a haploid spermicide with a haploid egg

Question 29

What is parthenogenesis?

Answer 29

Development of an egg cell into a mature organism without being fertilized by a sperm cell

Question 30

Give an example of something that goes through parthenogenesis

Answer 30

Bees

Question 31

What are the 5 steps in Embryo formation?

Answer 31

``` Fertilization Cleavage Gastrulation Differentiation Growth ```

Question 32

Cleavage?

Answer 32

Zygote divides many times by mitosis, forming a hollow ball with a single layer of cells called a BLASTULA.

Question 33

Gastrulation?

Answer 33

One side of the blastula becomes indented forming a GASTRULA.

Question 34

What are the outer, inner, and middle layers of the gastrula called?

Answer 34

Outer-ectoderm Inner-endoderm Middle-mesoderm

Question 35

Differentiation?

Answer 35

Cells of the three layers differentiate, or change, into various tissues and organs of the animal

Question 36

Growth?

Answer 36

Increase in the number of cells and size of cells.