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Biology > Unit 1-Introduction, Chemistry: The Nature of Matter-The Chemistry of Carbon > Flashcards

Unit 1-Introduction, Chemistry: The Nature of Matter-The Chemistry of Carbon Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts that an atom is made up of?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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2
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

a positive charge

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3
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

A neutron has no charge, it is neutral

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4
Q

What do a proton and neutron form together?

A

The nucleus of an atom

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5
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

A negative charge

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6
Q

Fill in the blank:

The electrons —– around the nucleus of an atom.

A

Answer: circle

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7
Q

Fill in the blank:

The electron ——- out the positive charge of the proton

A

Answer: balances

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8
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom

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9
Q

What does an atomic number represent?

A

The number of protons in an element

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10
Q

List the 7 building blocks of living matter (make up 99% of all living things)

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Carbon
  3. Hydrogen
  4. Nitrogen
  5. Calcium
  6. Phosphorus
  7. Sulfur
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11
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two atoms joined together with bonds

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12
Q

What is a compound?

A

A molecule made of atoms from different elements

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13
Q

What are Chemical bonds?

A

Bonds that hold atoms in compounds together

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14
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

The outer electrons in an atom

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15
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

A bond in which electrons are TRANSFERRED from one atom to another

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16
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain of or more electrons

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17
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond in which the electrons are SHARED between the two atoms

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18
Q

What is an atom?

A

The basic unit of matter that cannot be divided

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19
Q

What two elements are water molecules made up of and what are their chargers?

A

Water molecules are made of oxygen (negative charge) and hydrogen (positive charge)

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20
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

A week bond that occurs between the hydrogen atom on one water molecule and oxygen atom on the next molecule

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21
Q

List the 6 special properties of water

A
  1. Cohesion
  2. Adhesion
  3. Capillary action
  4. Surface tension
  5. Resistance to temperature change
  6. Universal solvent
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22
Q

What is cohesion?

A

The attraction of one water molecule to other water molecules

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23
Q

What is adhesion?

A

The attraction between molecules of one substance and the molecules of a different substance

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24
Q

Why does water adhere well to other substances?

A

Because it is polar

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25
What is capillary action?
Capillary action is when water adheres to the sides of very thin tubes and coheres to itself therefore rising through the tube
26
What do capillary action and plants have to do with each other?
Water is pulled into plants through capillary action. The water goes through xylem tubes into the plant.
27
Describe surface tension.
Because of the strong attraction of water molecules to itself substances can be supported on the surface of water.
28
Describe water's resistance to temperature change?
Since water is cohesive, a lot of heat must be used in order to overcome the cohesion. Therefore, the temperature of water will change very slowly.
29
Why does ice float on water?
Because it is less dense then water.
30
Why is ice less dense than water?
Because when water freezes, the molecules spread apart and have more air spaces.
31
Why is water a good solvent?
Because the adhesion of water molecules to other molecules is strong enough to break them apart
32
What is a mixture?
A material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined.
33
What is a homogenous mixture?
A mixture where the substances are spread evenly throughout the mixture. (Appears same throughout)
34
What is a solution?
A homogenous mixture that is liquid
35
What is solute and what is a solvent?
Solute-substance that is dissolved | Solvent-substance that is dissolved in
36
What is a heterogenous mixture?
A mixture in which the substances are visibly different.
37
What is a suspension?
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of water and undissolved material that is found in small pieces.
38
What does a ph scale tell us?
How acidic or how basic a substance is. (How many hydrogen ions are in the solution)
39
Fill in the blank: | Acidic substances have more ------ ions
Answer: H+
40
Fill in the blank: | Basic substances have more ------ ions
Answer:OH-
41
Fill in the blank: | Neutral substances have -------- ions
Answer: equal H+ and OH- ions
42
An acid is...
A compound that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
43
Name some properties of acids
It's corrosive and will break things down, tastes sour
44
Is HCL, or hydrogen chloride, an acid or base and why?
An acid because it has an H+ ion
45
A base is...
A compound that produces hydroxide ions
46
Name some properties of bases
Feels slippery, tastes bitter
47
Is NaOH, or sodium hydroxide, an acid or a base and why?
A base because it has an OH-
48
What is the pH of pure water and why?
The pH of water is 7 because it has an equal amount of H+ and OH- ions.
49
What is neutralization?
When acids and bases are mixed together, a reaction between the H plus and OH minus ions occur. It turns into H2O and becomes neutral.
50
What is an indicator?
A substance that changes color when the pH goes above or below a certain level.
51
Fill in the blanks: | Litmus paper turns ----- in acidic pH and ----- in a basic pH
Red, blue
52
Phenolphthalein changes from...
Colorless in basic solutions
53
What are organic compounds?
Compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.
54
Fill in the blank: | Most organic compounds contain ---- as well
Answer: hydrogen
55
What are inorganic compounds
Compounds that do not contain carbon bonded to carbon
56
How many valence electrons does carbon have?
4
57
How many valence electrons this carbon need to be complete?
4
58
How many bonds can a carbon atom form?
4
59
Name the shapes in which a carbon compounds can be found.
Chain, branched chain, ring
60
What is a monomer?
A single unit. | ?
61
Fill in the blank: | Monomers join to form ------- which are --------.
Polymers, large molecules of repeating units
62
What is polymerization?
The process by which smaller molecules join together to form larger ones.
63
What is dehydration synthesis?
The joining of monomers together by removing water. One water molecule is removed for each monomer that is added to the chain .
64
Fill in the blank: | One monomer donates the ------, the other monomer donates the -------.
Hydrogen, oxygen and other hydrogen
65
Fill in the blank: | Each monomer bond each other -----.
Covalently
66
Fill in the blank: | Dehydration synthesis requires -----.
Energy
67
What is hydrolysis?
The breaking of the bond between two monomers by adding water. One water molecule is added for each monomer that is removed from the chain.
68
Fill in the blank: | ------ from water attaches to one monomer, ------ from water attaches to another monomer.
Hydrogen, oxygen and other hydrogen
69
Fill in the blank: | Hydrolysis ----- energy.
Releases
70
Fill in the blank: | Hydrolysis happens during ------------
Digestion of food
71
What does polar mean?
A molecule that has an unequal charge

Biology (5 decks)

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