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Biology > Unit 1-Introduction, Chemistry: The Nature of Matter-The Chemistry of Carbon > Flashcards

Unit 1-Introduction, Chemistry: The Nature of Matter-The Chemistry of Carbon Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three parts that an atom is made up of?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

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2
Q

What charge does a proton have?

A

a positive charge

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3
Q

What charge does a neutron have?

A

A neutron has no charge, it is neutral

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4
Q

What do a proton and neutron form together?

A

The nucleus of an atom

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5
Q

What charge does an electron have?

A

A negative charge

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6
Q

Fill in the blank:

The electrons —– around the nucleus of an atom.

A

Answer: circle

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7
Q

Fill in the blank:

The electron ——- out the positive charge of the proton

A

Answer: balances

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8
Q

What is an element?

A

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom

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9
Q

What does an atomic number represent?

A

The number of protons in an element

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10
Q

List the 7 building blocks of living matter (make up 99% of all living things)

A
  1. Oxygen
  2. Carbon
  3. Hydrogen
  4. Nitrogen
  5. Calcium
  6. Phosphorus
  7. Sulfur
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11
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two atoms joined together with bonds

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12
Q

What is a compound?

A

A molecule made of atoms from different elements

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13
Q

What are Chemical bonds?

A

Bonds that hold atoms in compounds together

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14
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

The outer electrons in an atom

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15
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

A bond in which electrons are TRANSFERRED from one atom to another

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16
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom with a positive or negative charge due to the loss or gain of or more electrons

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17
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A bond in which the electrons are SHARED between the two atoms

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18
Q

What is an atom?

A

The basic unit of matter that cannot be divided

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19
Q

What two elements are water molecules made up of and what are their chargers?

A

Water molecules are made of oxygen (negative charge) and hydrogen (positive charge)

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20
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

A week bond that occurs between the hydrogen atom on one water molecule and oxygen atom on the next molecule

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21
Q

List the 6 special properties of water

A
  1. Cohesion
  2. Adhesion
  3. Capillary action
  4. Surface tension
  5. Resistance to temperature change
  6. Universal solvent
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22
Q

What is cohesion?

A

The attraction of one water molecule to other water molecules

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23
Q

What is adhesion?

A

The attraction between molecules of one substance and the molecules of a different substance

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24
Q

Why does water adhere well to other substances?

A

Because it is polar

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25
Q

What is capillary action?

A

Capillary action is when water adheres to the sides of very thin tubes and coheres to itself therefore rising through the tube

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26
Q

What do capillary action and plants have to do with each other?

A

Water is pulled into plants through capillary action. The water goes through xylem tubes into the plant.

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27
Q

Describe surface tension.

A

Because of the strong attraction of water molecules to itself substances can be supported on the surface of water.

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28
Q

Describe water’s resistance to temperature change?

A

Since water is cohesive, a lot of heat must be used in order to overcome the cohesion. Therefore, the temperature of water will change very slowly.

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29
Q

Why does ice float on water?

A

Because it is less dense then water.

30
Q

Why is ice less dense than water?

A

Because when water freezes, the molecules spread apart and have more air spaces.

31
Q

Why is water a good solvent?

A

Because the adhesion of water molecules to other molecules is strong enough to break them apart

32
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined.

33
Q

What is a homogenous mixture?

A

A mixture where the substances are spread evenly throughout the mixture. (Appears same throughout)

34
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogenous mixture that is liquid

35
Q

What is solute and what is a solvent?

A

Solute-substance that is dissolved

Solvent-substance that is dissolved in

36
Q

What is a heterogenous mixture?

A

A mixture in which the substances are visibly different.

37
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of water and undissolved material that is found in small pieces.

38
Q

What does a ph scale tell us?

A

How acidic or how basic a substance is. (How many hydrogen ions are in the solution)

39
Q

Fill in the blank:

Acidic substances have more —— ions

A

Answer: H+

40
Q

Fill in the blank:

Basic substances have more —— ions

A

Answer:OH-

41
Q

Fill in the blank:

Neutral substances have ——– ions

A

Answer: equal H+ and OH- ions

42
Q

An acid is…

A

A compound that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

43
Q

Name some properties of acids

A

It’s corrosive and will break things down, tastes sour

44
Q

Is HCL, or hydrogen chloride, an acid or base and why?

A

An acid because it has an H+ ion

45
Q

A base is…

A

A compound that produces hydroxide ions

46
Q

Name some properties of bases

A

Feels slippery, tastes bitter

47
Q

Is NaOH, or sodium hydroxide, an acid or a base and why?

A

A base because it has an OH-

48
Q

What is the pH of pure water and why?

A

The pH of water is 7 because it has an equal amount of H+ and OH- ions.

49
Q

What is neutralization?

A

When acids and bases are mixed together, a reaction between the H plus and OH minus ions occur. It turns into H2O and becomes neutral.

50
Q

What is an indicator?

A

A substance that changes color when the pH goes above or below a certain level.

51
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Litmus paper turns —– in acidic pH and —– in a basic pH

A

Red, blue

52
Q

Phenolphthalein changes from…

A

Colorless in basic solutions

53
Q

What are organic compounds?

A

Compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms.

54
Q

Fill in the blank:

Most organic compounds contain —- as well

A

Answer: hydrogen

55
Q

What are inorganic compounds

A

Compounds that do not contain carbon bonded to carbon

56
Q

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

A

4

57
Q

How many valence electrons this carbon need to be complete?

A

4

58
Q

How many bonds can a carbon atom form?

A

4

59
Q

Name the shapes in which a carbon compounds can be found.

A

Chain, branched chain, ring

60
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A single unit.

?

61
Q

Fill in the blank:

Monomers join to form ——- which are ——–.

A

Polymers, large molecules of repeating units

62
Q

What is polymerization?

A

The process by which smaller molecules join together to form larger ones.

63
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

The joining of monomers together by removing water. One water molecule is removed for each monomer that is added to the chain .

64
Q

Fill in the blank:

One monomer donates the ——, the other monomer donates the ——-.

A

Hydrogen, oxygen and other hydrogen

65
Q

Fill in the blank:

Each monomer bond each other —–.

A

Covalently

66
Q

Fill in the blank:

Dehydration synthesis requires —–.

A

Energy

67
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

The breaking of the bond between two monomers by adding water. One water molecule is added for each monomer that is removed from the chain.

68
Q

Fill in the blank:

—— from water attaches to one monomer, —— from water attaches to another monomer.

A

Hydrogen, oxygen and other hydrogen

69
Q

Fill in the blank:

Hydrolysis —– energy.

A

Releases

70
Q

Fill in the blank:

Hydrolysis happens during ————

A

Digestion of food

71
Q

What does polar mean?

A

A molecule that has an unequal charge

Biology (5 decks)

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