Zoonoses Flashcards
What are zoonoses?
Infections that can pass between living animals and humans
For zoonoses, where is the source of the disease?
The animal
What is the WHO definition of zoonoses?
Infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans
Give examples of disease that are NOT zoonoses?
Malaria
Schistosomiasis (snail fever)
Oncoceriasis (river blindness)
Elephantiasis
Why are diseases like malaria and schistosomiasis not zoonoses?
As although they are transmitted from animals, they depend on the human host for part of their life-cycle
(in a zoonoses, the cause can complete it’s whole lifecycle in animals)
What is the term used to describe a ‘reverse zoonoses’?
humans infecting animals
Anthroponosis
Give examples of anthroponosis.
Influenza
Strep throat
Leishmaniasis
What are some of the causes of zoonoses?
Viruses
Bacteria
Parasites
Fungi
How do zoonoses survive?
By causing chronic infections (so the host doesn’t die)
By having a non-human reservoir
Give examples of bacteria zoonoses.
Salmonella Campylobacter Shigella Anthrax Brucella E-coli (verotoxigenic) Leptospirosis Plague Psittacosis (Ornitosis) Q fever Tularaemia
Give examples of virus zoonoses.
Rabies Avian influenza Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) Ebola virus disease Lassa Fever Rift Valley fever West Nile Fever Yellow Fever
Give examples of parasites zoonoses.
Cysticercosis Echinococcosis Toxoplasmosis Trichinellosis Visceral larva migrans (toxocara)
Give examples of fungi zoonoses.
Dermatophytosis
Sporotrichosis
What are the commonest causes of zoonoses?
Salmonella (bacteria)
Camplyobacter (bacteira)
Dermatophyotosis (fungi)
Toxoplasmosis (parasite)
What zoonoses is associated with pneumonia?
Psittacosis
What zoonoses can be passed on by heroine use (especially from Afghanistan)?
Anthrax
What bacterial zoonosis is strongly associated with water?
Leptospirosis
What are the 2 main causes of leptospirosis?
L. icterohaemorrhagia
(ict-ero-hameo-rrhagia)
L. hardjo
What is the difference in the symptoms of leptospirosis caused by L. icterohaemorrhagia
and L. hardjo?
L. icterohaemorrhagia: Flu-like symptoms, jaundice and renal failure
L. hardjo: meningism and fever (No jaundice)
What investigations are used for leptospirosis?
Microscopic agglutination test (MAT)
ELISA serology
Culture
PCR
What are the treatments for leptospirosis?
Doxycycline
IV penicillin
Dialysis
What are some of the risk factors for leptospirosis?
Occupation e.g. fisherman and dairy workers
Water exposure e.g. water sports and floods
What are some of the complications of leptospirosis?
Weil’s disease
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Is leptospirosis a type of spirochete?
Yes
How does leptospirosis get into humans?
Via abraded skin and mucous membranes
