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Y3- Infections > Zoonoses > Flashcards

Zoonoses Flashcards

1
Q

What are zoonoses?

A

Infections that can pass between living animals and humans

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2
Q

For zoonoses, where is the source of the disease?

A

The animal

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3
Q

What is the WHO definition of zoonoses?

A

Infections that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans

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4
Q

Give examples of disease that are NOT zoonoses?

A

Malaria
Schistosomiasis (snail fever)
Oncoceriasis (river blindness)
Elephantiasis

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5
Q

Why are diseases like malaria and schistosomiasis not zoonoses?

A

As although they are transmitted from animals, they depend on the human host for part of their life-cycle

(in a zoonoses, the cause can complete it’s whole lifecycle in animals)

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6
Q

What is the term used to describe a ‘reverse zoonoses’?

humans infecting animals

A

Anthroponosis

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7
Q

Give examples of anthroponosis.

A

Influenza
Strep throat
Leishmaniasis

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8
Q

What are some of the causes of zoonoses?

A

Viruses
Bacteria
Parasites
Fungi

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9
Q

How do zoonoses survive?

A

By causing chronic infections (so the host doesn’t die)

By having a non-human reservoir

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10
Q

Give examples of bacteria zoonoses.

A 
Salmonella
Campylobacter
Shigella
Anthrax
Brucella
E-coli (verotoxigenic)
Leptospirosis
Plague
Psittacosis (Ornitosis)
Q fever
Tularaemia
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11
Q

Give examples of virus zoonoses.

A 
Rabies 
Avian influenza
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF)
Ebola virus disease
Lassa Fever
Rift Valley fever
West Nile Fever
Yellow Fever
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12
Q

Give examples of parasites zoonoses.

A 
Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis
Toxoplasmosis
Trichinellosis
Visceral larva migrans (toxocara)
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13
Q

Give examples of fungi zoonoses.

A

Dermatophytosis

Sporotrichosis

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14
Q

What are the commonest causes of zoonoses?

A

Salmonella (bacteria)
Camplyobacter (bacteira)
Dermatophyotosis (fungi)
Toxoplasmosis (parasite)

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15
Q

What zoonoses is associated with pneumonia?

A

Psittacosis

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16
Q

What zoonoses can be passed on by heroine use (especially from Afghanistan)?

A

Anthrax

17
Q

What bacterial zoonosis is strongly associated with water?

A

Leptospirosis

18
Q

What are the 2 main causes of leptospirosis?

A

L. icterohaemorrhagia
(ict-ero-hameo-rrhagia)
L. hardjo

19
Q

What is the difference in the symptoms of leptospirosis caused by L. icterohaemorrhagia
and L. hardjo?

A

L. icterohaemorrhagia: Flu-like symptoms, jaundice and renal failure

L. hardjo: meningism and fever (No jaundice)

20
Q

What investigations are used for leptospirosis?

A

Microscopic agglutination test (MAT)
ELISA serology
Culture
PCR

21
Q

What are the treatments for leptospirosis?

A

Doxycycline
IV penicillin
Dialysis

22
Q

What are some of the risk factors for leptospirosis?

A

Occupation e.g. fisherman and dairy workers

Water exposure e.g. water sports and floods

23
Q

What are some of the complications of leptospirosis?

A

Weil’s disease

Pulmonary haemorrhage

24
Q

Is leptospirosis a type of spirochete?

A

Yes

25
Q

How does leptospirosis get into humans?

A

Via abraded skin and mucous membranes

Y3- Infections (6 decks)

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