Immunisation and Prophylaxis Flashcards
What is meant by prophylaxis?
Treatment given or action taken to prevent disease
Who should be given immunisations?
Children
Travelers
Certain occupations
Special patient groups
What type of immunity are you born with?
Innate immunity
Regarding an antibody’s response to infection, what is the difference between the 1st and 2nd exposure?
2nd is a lot faster than the 1st
Which type of vaccines are better, killed or live?
Live, as it’s easier to induce an immune response
patient can’t be immunocompromised
What ‘book’ should you use to find information about vaccines?
The ‘green book’
Mon the hoops
What are the different types of vaccines?
Live attenuated
Killed
Detoxified exotoxin
Subunit of micro-organism
Give examples of live attenuated vaccines.
MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) BCG VZV (varicella zoster virus) Small pox Polio (oral)
Give examples of killed vaccines.
Polio (combined) Hep. A Cholera Rabies Influenza
Give examples of detoxified exotoxin vaccines.
Diphtheria
Tetanus
What triggers an immune response in detoxified exotoxin vaccines?
The toxoid (not the toxin)
Give examples of subunit vaccines.
Pertussis Haemophilus influenza Meningococcus Anthrax Hep. B
The ‘6 in 1’ vaccine is given to children so they don’t have to be given multiple vaccines, what vaccines are included in it?
Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis Polio Haemophilus influenza Hep. B
What is used in the childhood immunisation schedule?
Vaccine Boosters
Does the childhood immunisation schedule changed annually?
Yes
What is meant by herd immunity?
If the majority of the population is immunised, then the likelihood of a non-immunised individual coming into contact with an infected individual is greatly decreased
What vaccines are commonly used for special patient groups or certain occupations?
BCG (TB) Influenza Pneumococcal Hep. B VZV (chickenpox) Herpes zoster (shingles)
Who is given the BCG vaccine for TB?
Some infants Children at risk New immigrants Those in contact with TB patients Healthcare workers
Who is given the influenza vaccine?
Those >65
Nursing home residents
Healthcare workers
Those who are immunodeficiency/immunosuppressed
Those with chronic diseases (liver, renal, cardiac and lung)
Those with diabetes
Those with Coeliacs
Pregnant ladies
Those who have had their spleen removed (who knows)
What are the 2 types of pneumococcal vaccines?
Child -> 13 serotypes (conjugated)
Adult -> 23 serotypes
Who is given the adult pneumococcal vaccine?
Those who are immunodeficiency/immunosuppressed
Those with chronic diseases (liver, renal, cardiac and lung)
Those with diabetes
Those with Coeliacs
Those with Sickle cell disease
Those who have had their spleen removed (who knows)
Who is given the Hep. B vaccine?
Infants (6 in 1) Children at high risk Healthcare workers Prisoners Those with chronic diseases (liver and renal)
Who is given the VZV (chickenpox) vaccine?
Those who are immunosuppressed Those undergone cancer treatment Those who have had an organ transplant Children at risk health care workers
Who is given the Herpes Zoster (shingles) vaccine?
Those aged >70
What are the 2 types of immunoglobulins used in passive immunisation?
Human normal immunoglobulins
Disease specific immunoglobulins
What type of immunoglobulins in passive immunisation can be used to treat myasthenia graves?
Human normal immunoglobulins
What does ABCD stand for in malaria prevention?
A: Awareness of risk
B: Bite prevention
C: Chemoprophylaxis
D: Diagnosis and treatment
