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Y3- Infections > Immunisation and Prophylaxis > Flashcards

Immunisation and Prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by prophylaxis?

A

Treatment given or action taken to prevent disease

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2
Q

Who should be given immunisations?

A

Children
Travelers
Certain occupations
Special patient groups

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3
Q

What type of immunity are you born with?

A

Innate immunity

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4
Q

Regarding an antibody’s response to infection, what is the difference between the 1st and 2nd exposure?

A

2nd is a lot faster than the 1st

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5
Q

Which type of vaccines are better, killed or live?

A

Live, as it’s easier to induce an immune response

patient can’t be immunocompromised

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6
Q

What ‘book’ should you use to find information about vaccines?

A

The ‘green book’

Mon the hoops

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7
Q

What are the different types of vaccines?

A

Live attenuated
Killed
Detoxified exotoxin
Subunit of micro-organism

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8
Q

Give examples of live attenuated vaccines.

A 
MMR (measles, mumps and rubella)
BCG
VZV (varicella zoster virus) 
Small pox
Polio (oral)
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9
Q

Give examples of killed vaccines.

A 
Polio (combined)
Hep. A
Cholera
Rabies
Influenza
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10
Q

Give examples of detoxified exotoxin vaccines.

A

Diphtheria

Tetanus

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11
Q

What triggers an immune response in detoxified exotoxin vaccines?

A

The toxoid (not the toxin)

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12
Q

Give examples of subunit vaccines.

A 
Pertussis
Haemophilus influenza
Meningococcus 
Anthrax
Hep. B
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13
Q

The ‘6 in 1’ vaccine is given to children so they don’t have to be given multiple vaccines, what vaccines are included in it?

A 
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Pertussis
Polio
Haemophilus influenza 
Hep. B
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14
Q

What is used in the childhood immunisation schedule?

A

Vaccine Boosters

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15
Q

Does the childhood immunisation schedule changed annually?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is meant by herd immunity?

A

If the majority of the population is immunised, then the likelihood of a non-immunised individual coming into contact with an infected individual is greatly decreased

17
Q

What vaccines are commonly used for special patient groups or certain occupations?

A 
BCG (TB)
Influenza
Pneumococcal 
Hep. B
VZV (chickenpox) 
Herpes zoster (shingles)
18
Q

Who is given the BCG vaccine for TB?

A 
Some infants
Children at risk
New immigrants
Those in contact with TB patients
Healthcare workers
19
Q

Who is given the influenza vaccine?

A

Those >65
Nursing home residents
Healthcare workers
Those who are immunodeficiency/immunosuppressed
Those with chronic diseases (liver, renal, cardiac and lung)
Those with diabetes
Those with Coeliacs
Pregnant ladies
Those who have had their spleen removed (who knows)

20
Q

What are the 2 types of pneumococcal vaccines?

A

Child -> 13 serotypes (conjugated)

Adult -> 23 serotypes

21
Q

Who is given the adult pneumococcal vaccine?

A

Those who are immunodeficiency/immunosuppressed
Those with chronic diseases (liver, renal, cardiac and lung)
Those with diabetes
Those with Coeliacs
Those with Sickle cell disease
Those who have had their spleen removed (who knows)

22
Q

Who is given the Hep. B vaccine?

A 
Infants (6 in 1)
Children at high risk 
Healthcare workers
Prisoners
Those with chronic diseases (liver and renal)
23
Q

Who is given the VZV (chickenpox) vaccine?

A 
Those who are immunosuppressed
Those undergone cancer treatment
Those who have had an organ transplant
Children at risk
health care workers
24
Q

Who is given the Herpes Zoster (shingles) vaccine?

A

Those aged >70

25
Q

What are the 2 types of immunoglobulins used in passive immunisation?

A

Human normal immunoglobulins

Disease specific immunoglobulins

26
Q

What type of immunoglobulins in passive immunisation can be used to treat myasthenia graves?

A

Human normal immunoglobulins

27
Q

What does ABCD stand for in malaria prevention?

A

A: Awareness of risk
B: Bite prevention
C: Chemoprophylaxis
D: Diagnosis and treatment

Y3- Infections (6 decks)

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