Zoonoses

Question 1

definition of zoonoses

Answer 1

WHO definition:

infections that are transmitted between vertebrae animals and humans

Question 2

what is rabies?

Answer 2

virus (lyssavirus) transmitted from the bite of an infected animal to a human

-97% of cases is dogs

Question 3

clinical features of rabies?

Answer 3

acute encephalitis

Question 4

diagnosis of rabies?

Answer 4

PCR of saliva / CSF

Question 5

treatment of rabies?

Answer 5

after bite give post-exposure prophylaxis straight away

• human rabies immunoglobulin
• 4 doses of rabies vaccine within 14days

Question 6

pathogenesis of brucellosis?

Answer 6

• caused by gram negative coccobacillus brucella
• is excreted in:
  
  • milk
  • placenta of animals
  • aborted foetus of animals
• humans infected by :
  
  • drink milk
  • eat unpasteurised dairy products
  • assist in parturition
  • handling of carcasses

Question 7

symptoms of brucellosis?

Answer 7

• acute (between 1-3weeks)
  
  • fever, sweats, weakness
• subacute (up to 1 month)
  
  • fever, sore joints
• chronic (months to years)
  
  • flu-like illness, chronic arthritis

Question 8

treatment of brucellosis?

Answer 8

Doxycycline + Rifampicin

If CNS symptoms –> ADD CO-TRIMOXAZOLE

Question 9

what is leptospirosis caused by?

Answer 9

L.Hardio (cattle)

Question 10

symptoms of leptospirosis?

Answer 10

fever + meningism without jaundice

Question 11

diagnosis of leptospirosis?

Answer 11

serology

Question 12

treatment of leptospirosis?

Answer 12

Penicillin

Question 13

what is toxoplasmosis caused by?

Answer 13

Toxoplasma Gondii

• an intracellular protozoan parasite
• cats are main source

Question 14

clinical features of toxoplasmosis?

Answer 14

• acute
  
  • cough, pneumonia, fever
• chronic
  
  • lymphadenopathy, lymphocytosis
• congenital
  
  • hydrocephalus / microcephaly

Question 15

diagnosis of toxoplasmosis?

Answer 15

toxoplasma dye test + IgM antibody

Question 16

treatment of toxoplasmosis?

Answer 16

• sulphonamide
• pyrimethamine
• tetracycline

Question 17

what is Lyme Borrelios caused by?

Answer 17

tick transmission- Ixodes Ricinus

Question 18

clinical features of Lyme?

Answer 18

• erythema migrans
  
  • = clinical diagnosis
  • appears 7-30days after tick infection
• acrodermatitis chronica atroficans
  
  • blue-red discolourations of skin on extensor surfaces that become atrophic ultimately
• lymphocytoma
  
  • blue-red nodules on earlobe/ areola mainly

Question 19

long-term sequelae of lime?

Answer 19

Neuroborreliosis

• 15% of patients develop
• triad of:
  
  • radicular pain
  • facial nerve palsy
  • lymphocytic meningitis

Question 20

Lyme diagnosis?

Answer 20

EM- clinical

ACA & lymphocytoma -clinical & serology

NB - clinical + lab tests

Question 21

Treatment of Lyme?

Answer 21

doxycycline for 2 weeks