Travel Related Infections

Question 1

what is typhoid (enteric fever) caused by? what is it spread through?

Answer 1

salmonella typhi / paratyphi

spread through poor sanitation / contaminated drinking water

Question 2

clinical features of typhoid?

Answer 2

1st week: cough, abdo discomfort, fever, headache

2nd week: rose spots, diarrhoea, tachycardia

3rd week: invasive symptoms; bleeding, perforation, peritonism

4th week: recovery

Question 3

diagnosis of typhoid?

Answer 3

clinical + lab tests: blood culture, urine and stool

Question 4

treatment of typhoid?

Answer 4

Oral azithromycin +

IV Ceftriaxone if complicated

Question 5

how is dengue fever transmitted?

Answer 5

via mosquito

Question 6

clinical signs of dengue?

Answer 6

• sudden abrupt fever
• sudden headache
• myalgia/arthralgia
• maculopapular rash
• petechiae / purpura

Question 7

diagnosis of dengue?

Answer 7

clinical:

• thrombocyotopenia
• leucocytosis
• elevated transaminases

lab: PCR / serology

Question 8

management of dengue?

Answer 8

no cure

• IV fluids / platelets / fresh frozen plasma

Question 9

how is schistomiasis transmitted?

Answer 9

via fresh water snails

swimming in contaminated water

Question 10

clinical features of schistomiasis?

Answer 10

• swimmer’s itch
• invasive
  
  • cough, abdo discomfort
• fever
  
  • fever, urticaria, lympadenopathy
• acute
  
  • eggs deposited in bowel (dysyntery) or bladder (haematuria)
• chronic

Question 11

diagnosis and management of schistomiasis?

Answer 11

• diagnosis
  
  • antibody tests
  • ova in stools/ urine
• management
  
  • Praziquantel

Question 12

what is rickettsiosis carried by?

Answer 12

tick typhus

Question 13

clinical features of rickettsiosis?

Answer 13

headache / fever / confusion / rash

Question 14

diagnosis and treatment of rickettsiosis?

Answer 14

diagnosis: serology
management: Tetracycline