zeros - finals summary

Question 1

increased pressure in the eye causes what of the optic disc

Answer 1

cupping

>0.5 is abnormal

Question 2

which field of vision does glaucoma affect

Answer 2

peripheral

Question 3

treatmnet for glaucoma

Answer 3

prostaglandin eyedrops eg latanoprost

Question 4

how do prostaglandin eyedrops eg latanoprost help glaucoma

Answer 4

increase uveoscleral outflow

Question 5

treatment for closed angle glaucoma

Answer 5

IV acetazolamide (stops aqueous production)

Question 6

anatomy of macula from bottom to top

Answer 6

choroid layer
bruchs membrane
retinal pigment epithelium
photoreceptors

Question 7

what simulates the formation of new vessels in wet ARMD

Answer 7

VEGF

Question 8

appearance of ARMD

Answer 8

gradual worsening central visual field loss
reduced visual acuity
crooked/ wavy appearance of straight lines

Question 9

what actuallly are cotton wool spots

Answer 9

damage to nerve fibres in retina

Question 10

what are hard exudates caused by

Answer 10

damaged vessels leaking lipids onto the retina

Question 11

loss of red light reflex

Answer 11

cataracts?

Question 12

what does third nerve palsy cause in the affeced eye

Answer 12

ptosis (LPS)
dilated non reactive pupil
down and out direction

Question 13

triad of horner syndrome

Answer 13

ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis (loss of sweating)

Question 14

what is a chalzion

Answer 14

meibomian cyst

Question 15

what is blephariis

Answer 15

inflammation of eyelids

Question 16

what causes anterior blepharitis

Answer 16

seborrhoeic dermatitis

staph aureus

Question 17

what causes posterior blepharitis

Answer 17

acne rosacea

melbomian gland dysfunction

Question 18

3 causes of painless red eye

Answer 18

1. conjunctivits
2. episcleritis
3. subconjunctival haemorrhage

Question 19

7 causes of painful red eye

Answer 19

1. glaucoma
2. anterior uveitis
3. scleritis
4. corneal abraisions or ulcerations
5. keratitis
6. foreign body
7. traumatic or chemical injury

Question 20

patients <1 with conjunctivitys need what

Answer 20

urgent referral

may be realted to gonococcal infection

Question 21

how to treat scleritis

Answer 21

NSAIDS
steroids
immunosuppression

Question 22

things that cause subconjunctival haemorrhage

Answer 22

coughing 
heavy lifting 
pregnancy 
hypertension 
bleeding disorders
warfarin

Question 23

what does subconjunctival haemorrhaee looks like

Answer 23

bleeding underneath conjucntiva