random factoids Flashcards

1
Q

what opthalm condition may be associated with bowel problems?

A

anterior uveitis

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2
Q

what is a vitroeous haemorrhage until proven otherwirse? what do you do to investigate it?

A

retinal detachment

US of eye

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3
Q

what are topical fusidic acid drops used for?

A

bacterial conjunctivitis in pregnancy

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4
Q

what does cottage cheese apperance suggest?

A

CMV in the retina

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5
Q

what does a positive rinnes test mean in terminology?

A
  • its normal

- air conduction is > bone conduction

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6
Q

what are the inner 2/3rds of the retina supplied by?

A

CRA

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7
Q

what is the outer 1/3rd of the retina supplied by?

A

choroid

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8
Q

which drug can cause darkening and lengthening of eyelashes?

A

topical prostaglandins

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9
Q

which cranial nerve does the corneal reflex test?

A

trigeminal nerve + facial nerve

  • afferent - opthalmic division of trigeminal
  • efferent - facial
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10
Q

what is retinoblastoma?

A

common cause of severe visual impairment in 2 year olds

  • autosomal dominant
  • lack of red reflex
  • squint
  • watery eyes
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11
Q

when would you see a cherry red spot?

A

central retinal artery occlusion

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12
Q

why shoudlnt you carry out a lumbar puncture before an MRI in someone with raised ICP?

A

it can cause coning and death

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13
Q

what is entropion and where is it seen?

A

inturing of eyelashes

bacterial conjunctivitis

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14
Q

which drug can precipitate acute closed angle glaucoma?

A

trycylic antidepressants

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15
Q

which nerve is palsied when one pupil is bigger than the other?

A

CN 3

- no parasympathetic pupillary contraction

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16
Q

what is the mneominc for eye exam?

A

AFRO
acutiy
visual fields

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17
Q

how to tell left vs right eye

A

right eye = optic disc on right nasal side

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18
Q

what is the accommodation reflex

A

give patient something to focus on e.g. finger and move it closer to them

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19
Q

when is cooper wiring seen

A

hypertensive retinopathy

20
Q

pathology affecting temporal lobe causes

A

contralateral homoymous superior quadrantinopia

21
Q

what helps to distinguish between wet and dry ARMD

A

optical coherence tomography (OCT)

22
Q

3 symptoms of third nerve palsy

A
  • down and out
  • fixed mid dilated pupil
  • manually elevated eyelid due to proptosis
23
Q

which CN supplied LPS and pupil constriction

24
Q

what happens when light hits rods and trans-retinal is formed

A

Na channels close and the membrane is hyper polarised –> no neurotransmitter is released into synapse
- greater potential is then produced in the bipolar cells, if it is great enough to make AP, it is generated in the ganglion cells –> propagated to brain

25
what are synechiae
adhesions between the pupil and iris - can lead to small / irregular pupil
26
which terminology describes asymmetrical corneal reflections? e.g. type of squint
manifest (not latent)
27
if a squint moves OUT it is ...
convergent (it was in the convergent position)
28
hypermetropia meaning and how to fix
fixed with converging lens (causes light to come closer before it hits retina) smaller eyes
29
myopia meaning and how to fix
fixed with divergent lens (light has to move apart before hits the retina) bigger eyes
30
where are cones packed
foeva
31
normal intraocular pressure
<21
32
what is keratitis
infection of cornea
33
where do new blood vessels grow in wet ARMD
choroid
34
is rAPD seen in retinal detachment
yes
35
who sees halo
closed angle glaucoma
36
treatment for closed angle glaucoma
acetazolamide - stops aqueous production
37
what causes optic neruritis
MS
38
classic triad of MS / optic neuritis
unilateral visual impariment eye pain on movement distortion of colour
39
treatment for MS / optic neuritis
methylprednisolone
40
what surgery is done for cataracts
phacomulsification of lens + insertion of intraocilar lens
41
how to treat diabetic retinopathy
photocoagulation anti VEGF injectoins vitrectomy (removal of vitreous fluid)
42
bacterial conjunctiivitis in babies <1 month
chlamydia + n gonorrhoea (caused by mother STI)
43
how to treat chlaymdia conjunctivitis
oxytetracyclate
44
which bug causes endophthalamits
staph epidermis
45
1st line for viral conjunctivitis
cold compress + artificial tears
46
what puts you at risk of a corneal ulcer
contact lenses
47
how to treat diabetic maculopathy
anti VEGF