Zero to finals - CTG

Question 2

What is Cardiotocography (CTG)?

Answer 2

CTG measures the fetal heart rate and uterine contractions, also known as electronic fetal monitoring. It helps monitor fetal condition and labor progress.

Question 3

Where are the two transducers placed in a ctg ?

Answer 3

One above the fetal heart: monitors heartbeat using Doppler ultrasound.

One near the uterine fundus: assesses uterine contractions.

Question 4

What are the indications for continuous CTG monitoring?

Answer 4

Maternal tachycardia (>120 bpm)

Significant meconium

Pre-eclampsia (BP > 160/110)

Fresh antepartum haemorrhage

Labor delay

Oxytocin use

Disproportionate maternal pain

Question 5

What are the five key features to assess on a CTG?

Answer 5

1. Contractions
2. Baseline rate
3. Variability
4. Accelerations
5. Decelerations

Question 6

How are baseline rate and variability categorized?

Answer 6

Reassuring: 110–160 bpm
Reassuring: 5–25 bpm

Question 7

What are the types of decelerations?

Answer 7

1. Early: Normal, occur with uterine contractions.
2. Late: Concerning, delayed after uterine contractions, linked to hypoxia.
3. Variable: Abrupt, linked to umbilical cord compression.
4. Prolonged: Last 2–10 minutes, linked to fetal hypoxia.

Question 8

What is the “rule of 3’s” for fetal bradycardia?

Answer 8

3 minutes: Call for help.
6 minutes: Move to the theater.
9 minutes: Prepare for delivery.
12 minutes: Deliver the baby (by 15 minutes).

Question 9

What does a sinusoidal CTG pattern indicate?

Answer 9

Severe fetal compromise, often due to severe fetal anemia (e.g., from vasa praevia with fetal hemorrhage).