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GI > Zero to finals conditions > Flashcards

Zero to finals conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what is liver cirrhosis

A

Inflammation of liver and damage to liver cells which are replaced with scar tissue known as fibrosis

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2
Q

How does fibrosis effect the structure and blood flow of liver

A

Increased resistance and pressure leading to portal hypertension

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3
Q

causes of liver cirrhosis

A

alcohol related disease
non-alcohol fatty liver disease
hep b
hep c

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4
Q

examination findings of liver cirrhosis

A

cachexia, jaundice, hepatomegaly, spider naevi, ascites

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5
Q

what blood tests do we do for liver damage

A

bilirubin, ALP, AST, ALT

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6
Q

tests for alcoholic liver disease

A

AST;ALT ratio is greater than 1.5
rasied gamma GT

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7
Q

which test suggests non alcoholic fatty liver disease

A

ALT
AST:ALT or less than 0.8

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8
Q

which types of hepatitis can be treated

A

hep b and c

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9
Q

symptoms of hepatitis

A

Abdominal pain
Fatigue
Flu-like illness
Pruritus (itching)
Muscle and joint aches
Nausea and vomiting
Jaundice

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10
Q

what are transaminases

A

hormones released into the blood due to inflamation of the liver cells

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11
Q

what investigations show autoimmune hepatitis

A

high ALT and AST
raised igG

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12
Q

treatment of autoimmune hepatitis

A

high dose steroids

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13
Q

what is haemochromatosis

A

autosomal reccessive genetic disorider resulting in iron overload

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14
Q

what gene causes haemochromatosis

A

HFE on chromosome 6

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15
Q

investigation of haematchromtosis

A

serum ferritin
transferrin saturation helps to distinguish between high ferritin caused by iron overload and other causes

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16
Q

what is wilsons disease

A

excessive accumulation of copper in the body
mutation in gene that removes copper from liver

17
Q

typical symptoms of wilsons disease

A

green, brown circles around iris
psychiatric problems
tremor and speech difficulties
chronic hepatitis

18
Q

alpha 1 deficiency effect on the liver

A

mutant version of protein builds up in liver cells causing inflammation. can lead to carcinoma

19
Q

what is primary biliary cholangitis

A

Affects the small bile ducts inside the liver. Overtime leads to obstruction of bile flow through the ducts

20
Q

what is excreted through bile ducts into duodenum

A

bile acids, bilirubin and cholestral

21
Q

typical presentation of pirmary biliary cholangitis

A

ithcing, jaundice, pale stools and dark urine

22
Q

examination of someone with primary biliary cholangitis

A

xanthoma and xanthelasma (cholestrol depostis)
exoriations from itching

23
Q

what immunoglobin is raised in primary biliary cholangitis

A

igM

24
Q

liver funtion tests in primary

A

raised alkaline phosphatase and anti mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)

25
Q

primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

intra and extra hepatic ducts become inflammed and damaged developing strictures that obstruct flow of bile out of liver

26
Q

risk factors for primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

male
aged 30-40
UC
family history

26
Q

presentation of primary schlerosing cholagnitis

A

Abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant
Pruritus (itching)
Fatigue
Jaundice
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly

27
Q

investigations of primary schlerosing cholagitis

A

raised alkaline phosphatase
P-anca antibodies
MRCP
colonoscopy
liver biopsy

28
Q

painless jaundice is often associated with

A

pancreatitis or cholangiocarcinoma or cancer of head of pancreas

29
Q

what is GORD

A

gastric acid from stomach travels through LOS and into oesophagus where it irritates the lining

30
Q

symptoms of GORD

A

heartburn, acid regurf, epigastric pain, bloating

31
Q

what is zollinger-ellison syndrome

A

duodenal or pancreatic tumour secretes more gastrin leading to excessing acid production

31
Q

investigations of h.pylori

A

urea breath test, stool test, h.pylori antibody test

GI (14 decks)

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