z. Exam 1 Medications

Question 1

Methadone

Answer 1

An opioid that is used to treat addiction, decrease cravings and prevent withdrawal syndrome

Question 2

Patient teaching for nicotine gum

Answer 2

No food/drink 15 minutes before or during use, there should be periods of holding the gum in the cheeks/teeth

Question 3

Assessment for nicotine patch

Answer 3

Monitor for skin irritation, may cause insomnia and patients should not smoke while using

Question 4

Assessment for nasal sprays

Answer 4

Monitor for the irritation of mucosa

Question 5

Bupriopion (Zyban)

Answer 5

An antidepressant that can help with smoking cessation
Can be used for up to 12 weeks

Question 6

Varenicline (Chantix)

Answer 6

Nicotine receptor agonist, blocks the pleasure center
DO NOT USE in patients with a history of seizures

Question 7

Disulfiram (antabuse) How does it work + Patient education

Answer 7

Prevents drinking, reduces the desire and leads to an unpleasant reaction (N/V, palpitations, sweating, CP, and hypotension)
Need to avoid ALL forms of alcohol including ones in foods or topical
Stays in system for 2 weeks

Question 8

Amphetamines - SE/Reactions short/long

Answer 8

Short: increased alertness, improved performance, relief of fatigue, anorexia, increased HR and BP
Long: irritability, anxiety, paranoia, hostile and violent behaviors
Withdrawal symptoms are much worse

Question 9

Caffeine - SE/Long term

Answer 9

Safe for most, energy drinks can have long term effects on the kidneys
SE: insomnia, irritability, anxiety, muscle twitching, confusion, chest pain, tachycardia and dysrhythmias

Question 10

Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and lorazepam (Ativan) for alcohol withdrawal

Answer 10

Long acting benzodiazepines that prevent seizures, and delirium, reduce anxiety and stabilize patient vital signs.

Question 11

Carbamazepine

Answer 11

Seizure medication used in adjunction to treat alcohol withdrawal

Question 12

Clonidine (catapres)

Answer 12

Reduces the symptoms of the autonomic nervous system (N/V and other GI) to aid in alcohol/opioid withdrawal

Question 13

Propanolol

Answer 13

Reduces BP and helps control vital signs during alcohol withdrawal

Question 14

Thiamine (Vitamin B1) special consideration

Answer 14

When used for patients in alcohol withdrawal it must be administered BEFORE a glucose infusion (DW5) to prevent Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Question 15

Naltrexone (ReVia) Therapeutic effects

Answer 15

Opioid antagonist that blocks the “high” associated with opioids and alcohol

Question 16

Acamprosate (Campral)

Answer 16

Alleviate the unpleasant feelings during initial alcohol abstinence
Used as a comprehensive treatment with rehab and CBT

Question 17

Flumazenil (Romazicon)

Answer 17

Benzodiazepine antagonist, competes with the benzos to ‘push’ them off receptors

Question 18

Naloxone (Narcan)

Answer 18

reverses the effects of opioids