Yr9Summer1-Research Flashcards
What is a variable?
A variable is anything that can change or vary in an investigation.
What are the two types of variables?
Independent Variables and Dependent Variables
What is the IV?
The IV is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher or changes naturally, and causes the DV to change.
What is the DV?
The DV is the variable that is measured by the researcher and any change in the DV is caused by the IV.
What is meant by operationalising the hypothesis or variables?
Stating how they will quantify or measure the IV and DV.
What is the aim?
The aim is a general statement that is about the study.
What is meant by the hypothesis or alternative hypothesis?
They mean the same thing and is a precise testable that states the relationship between the variables.
What is the null hypothesis?
The null hypothesis is a statement of no relationship between the variables.
What is meant by a directional hypothesis?
A directional hypothesis states the way in which the results will go.
What is non directional hypothesis?
Doesn’t state the way in which the result will go.
What is cause and effect?
In a properly run experiment the only thing that should effect the DV is the IV.
What is extraneous variables?
Any variable other than the IV that effects the DV. The IV should be controlled by the investigator.
What are the 3 types of variables?
Situational Effects, Investigator Effects, Participants Effects.
What is situational Effects?
Features of the environment that effects participant behaviour.
Examples of situational Effects? And how to stop them
Weather Time of day Temperature Noise Lab environment and do checks before
Investigator Effects
Things that the investigator does that Effects the participants behaviour.
What is participant behaviour?
Any individual differences between the participants that may effect the participants behaviour.
Examples of investigator effect and how to stop them?
Any hint they give that might make the participants work harder.
The way in which the investigator asks a question that may reveal the answer they want to hear.
Using standardised instructions and recordings and script.
Examples of participant behaviour and how to stop them?
Age Mindset Mood. Personal issues
Gender Sleep Deprivation. IQ. Medical Issues. Memory level. Mental Health. Usual routine.
Check doctors report ask test
Standardised
Using exactly the same script, instructions and procedure for all participants for example what they should do if they want to quit.
Randomisation
The use of chance to control the effects bias. For example in a memory recall test, the words should be in a random order.
Write a standardised instruction.
You have 10 minutes to memorise these words
If you want to quit, then you can quietly get up and leave.
Two ways of collecting data
Qualitative- words not numbers
Quantitive- numbers
Difference between experiment and and correlation
Cause and effect and links