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Social Influence Flashcards

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1
Q

Conformity def

A

A form of social influence that changes a persons thinking as a result of group pressure which may be real or imagined

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2
Q

Normative social influence

A

Conforming due to a need to be liked

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3
Q

Informational social influence

A

Conforming to get ana newer correct

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4
Q

Aim of Aschs study in 1955

A

Investigate the respond to group pressure in a situation where the group is clearly wrong

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5
Q

Method of aschs study

A

123 American male students were naive participants and were tested in a group of 6-7 confederates. They were asked to state which line is longer, participants were always at the end of the line.

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6
Q

Results of aschs study

A

12 critical trials naive participants agreed with the wrong answer 36.5% times. Considerable individual differences 25% never confirmed and 75% confirmed at least once

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7
Q

Conclusion of aschs study

A

People are influence by group pressure even when involved in a task which has a clear cut answer. Results show a high level of independence which shows that people can resist the pressure to conform

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8
Q

Weaknesses of aschs study

A

Different cultures America is individualistic China is collectivistic hence only applys to individualistic cultures
Artificial task hence lack of external validity
Unnatural setting lack validity
1950s time period was conformistic due to senator McCartyh

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9
Q

Strengths of aschs study

A

Lab so controls EVS hence study searched what it was meant to
Asch could change the IV so when they performed the task alone there was on,y 1% error rate. 36.8% error rate in group setting

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10
Q

Social factors. In conformity and def are

A

Conformity due to features of surroundings and others people
Group size, task difficulty and anonymity are social factors

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11
Q

Dispostional factors in social influence

A

Dispositional factors due to your personalities

Personality and expertise are dispositonal

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12
Q

Locus of control

A

Sense we each have about what directs our lives . Internals believe they are most responsible and externals believe outside factors are reliable

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13
Q

Milgrams study aim

A

Investigate whether in certain circumstances a normal person would administer an electric shock to someone led it told so by an authority figure

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14
Q

Method of milgrams study

A

40 male volunteers who were tricked about the true aim of the study and though the man they were electrocuting was a participant. Each participant experience a small shock so they knew it was true. Every time the actor got an answer wrong they were ordered to go one shock higher. The scientist would only say go on with the test and don’t disrupt it

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15
Q

Results of milgrams study

A

No participant stopped below 300 volts. 12.5% stopped at 300 when the learner ponder on the wall. 65% went to the full 450 shocks
Observations indicated participants went through extreme tension and even seizures

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16
Q

Conclusions of milgrams

A

13 factors affected the results were white coat verbal prods money proximity and fear of disruption or going back on their word

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17
Q

Weaknesses of milgrams study

A

Lacked realism, Gina perry listened to tapes and concluded participants realised it wasn’t real but went along with it anyway. Lacks validity

Ethical issues, people had seizures, deception, lack of consent. Therapy is needed

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18
Q

3 social factors that affected milgrams study (Agency Theory)

A

Authority- we obey due to fear of punishment and social expectations such as upbringing
Culture - in a collectivistic culture you will care about the other person hence obedience is less
Proximity- proximity to teacher is greater so more obedience but if proximity to learner is more there is less obedience

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19
Q

Weakness of agency theory

A

Doesn’t explain why there isn’t 100% obedience , in milgrams study 35% of participants didn’t fully obey hence social factors can not fully explain obedience

Provides excuses for people who blindly follow destructive order. Offensive to holocaust survivors, ignored the role of racism and prejudice to the holocuast. Means it is potentially dangerous as it excuses people of guilt.

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20
Q

Strength of the agency theory is

A

Research supports it, Blatt and Schmitt showed students a film of milgrams study and students blamed the experimenter. They recognise legitimate authority therefore supporting there agency theory.

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21
Q

Adornos theory explains

A

Obedience in terms of dispositonal factors. Authoritarian personality

22
Q

The concept of an authoritarian personality is

A

Some people have an exaggerated respect for authority
More likely to obey orders
Look down on people of inferior social

23
Q

The 3 dispositonal factors of adornos theory are

A

Cognitive style- black and white opinions, rigid stereotypes such as all women are emotional. Rigid cognitive style
Childhood origins- due to nurture not nature
conditional love . We learn moral values through identifications with our parents values.
Scapegoating- displacement of anger onto other people (blame game)

24
Q

Weaknesses of adornos theory

A

Questionnaire is flawed!had leading questions which changes their behaviour, lacks validity
Correlational design, suggested link but causation is not proven therefore requires further research
Doesn’t explain all causes of obedience only includes dispositions factors probs social factors can explain obedience as well.

25
Q

Diffusion of responsibility definition

A

When there are lots of people and people are less helpful

26
Q

Bystander behaviour definition

A

Research from Farley and latane suggests that people are less willing to help if there are other bystanders

27
Q

Prosocial behaviour defintion

A

Acting in a way that promotes the welfare of others

28
Q

Aim of pilivains subway study

A

To investigate the bystander behaviour in emergency situations in a natural setting.

29
Q

Pilliavains subway study method

A

Four students board a nyc subway.one member played the victim who would collapse in the centre of the carriage. One would help if no one did. Two were observers. 38 trials the victim smelled of alcohol and carried a brown bag wrapped around the bottle.
65 trials he appeared sober but carried a cane.

30
Q

Results of pillavains subway study

A

95% of disabled condition trials got help whereas only 50% drunk condition trials got help

31
Q

Conclusion of pillivains subway study

A

Shows that certain characteristics make a difference to whether we believe certain people are deserving of our help. Also shows the number of witnesses do not affect the willingness to help

32
Q

Strengths of pillavain subway study

A

2 observers there is inter observer reliability hence more likely to get accurate and more results. Validity
A standardised procedure, behaviours can be compared as all participants were under the same condition, validity
High level of realism, natural setting so behaviour does not change, high internal validity
Qualitative data, in depth answers, both types of data

33
Q

Weaknesses of pillavains subway study

A

Ethical issues, informed consent being watched rights and debrief, research may not be used
Urban sample, many emergencies may occur in that environment hence people are accustomed to it, can not be generalised
Naturals setting so lack of control over evs

34
Q

What is deinduvidation

A

The loss of a persons identity who then gain the crowds identity

35
Q

Zimbardos study aim

A

To investigate deinduvidation in an adaptation of milgrams study

36
Q

Zimbardos study method

A

2 groups of 4.
Individuated group wore their own clothes and a large name tag & were introduced to each other
Deinduviduated group wore the same lane hoodie and hat covering their face and were never called by name.

37
Q

Zimbardos study results

A

Deiduviduated group were more likely to press the schock button to an imaginary “learner”

38
Q

Zimbardos study conclusion

A

Deinduvidation increases antisocial behaviour

39
Q

One strength of zimbardos study is that it can be applied to real life

A

It can be used to help manage crowds so that they are less deinduvidualised and more aware eg camera at football stadiums where they can see themselves.

40
Q

One weakness of zimbardos study is that research proves deinduvidation doesn’t always result in antisocial behaviour

A

A similar study found participants dressed as nurses were less likely to administer a shock compared to a person dressed in a costume similar to the kkk

41
Q

One weakness of zimbardos study is that antisocial behaviour may be due to crowding rather than collective behaviour

A

Crowded conditions cause more stress leading to antisocial behaviour so may be an alternative explanation

42
Q

Reichers study weakness was that the data was subjective

A

As it was based on eye witness opinions which would have been biased & restrained due to suspicions of data usage. Hence lacks validity

43
Q

Reichers study strength was that research supports it

A

Shows that crowd behaviours direction is driven by social norms acceptable by that particular group

44
Q

Reichers study strength is that it can be applied to the real world

A

Reichers recommenced a more clear communication of empathy rather than harder policing as people calmed with less police.

45
Q

Reichers aim

A

To investigate whether crowds can be rule rather than stereotypically unruly and disorderly

46
Q

Reichers method

A

Conduct in depth case study of riots of St. Paul in Bristol 1980.
Interviewed 20 people immediately after

47
Q

Reichers results

A

Not clear what sparked the riot however news of an unfair police raid is likely the cause leading to masses of people throwing stones at police
Some rioters helped direct traffic through congestion

48
Q

Reichers conclusion

A

Damage is limited to the main target and other damage was unintentional. Pro social behaviour to those who were not target occurred & violence stopped when the main target withdrew

49
Q

Social loafing

A

When people are in a group less effort is put in

50
Q

Culture is

A

Collecitvistic & individualistic so look out for self or for group

51
Q

Morality

A

Personal beliefs of right and wrong ie person in nazi German spoke up and was then hung

Psychology (8 decks)

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