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biology > YR11 Core Question: Cells > Flashcards

YR11 Core Question: Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The regulation of your internal environment to maintain optimum conditions

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2
Q

What is a receptor?

A

Specialised cell that can detect an environmental change

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3
Q

What is a stimuli?

A

A change in the internal or external environment. E.g. light

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4
Q

What is an effector?

A

Muscle or gland

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5
Q

What is the main human coordination centre?

A

Brain

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6
Q

What is a neurone?

A

Specialised cell that carries electrical impulses

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7
Q

What is an impulse?

A

Electrical signal passing from one neurone to another

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8
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of neurones

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9
Q

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

What do sensory neurones do?

A

Carry impulses from receptors to the CNS

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11
Q

What do motor neurones do?

A

Carry impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands

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12
Q

What is a reflex?

A

An automatic response

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13
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

Sensory neurone -> Relay neurone -> Motor neurone

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14
Q

What does a relay neurone do?

A

Carry an impulse directly from sensory to motor neurone

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15
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Junction between neurones

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16
Q

How does a nervous impulse cross a synapse?

A

The impulse causes chemicals to diffuse across the gap

17
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A network of glands that secrete hormones

18
Q

What is a hormone?

A

Chemical messenger

19
Q

What does the hormone insulin regulate?

A

Blood glucose levels

20
Q

What is glucagon?

A

Hormone that increases blood glucose levels

21
Q

What is diabetes?

A

A disease of blood glucose regulation

22
Q

How is Type I diabetes treated?

A

Insulin injections

23
Q

How is Type II diabetes usually treated?

A

Low-carbohydrate diet and exercise

24
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

An opposite response

25
Q

What does the hormone thyroxine regulate?

A

Metabolic rate and growth

26
Q

How does the hormone adrenaline affect the body?

A

Increased heart rate, breathing, blood glucose and blood flow to muscles

biology (8 decks)

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