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Science mocks > YR 9 - Atomic Structure > Flashcards

YR 9 - Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an atom?

A

an atom is the smallest part of an element that exists.

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2
Q

how many elements are there?

A

there are about 100 different elements.

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3
Q

what is a compound and how are they formed?

A
  • a compound is two or more elements that are chemically bonded together
  • compounds are formed when elements chemically react together
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4
Q

what is a mixture?

A

a mixture is two or more elements that are not chemically bonded together

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5
Q

what do chemical equations show?

A

chemical equations show the reactants (what u started with) and the products (the result of a chemical change) in a reaction.

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6
Q

what are symbol equations?

A

symbol equations are balanced meaning there is the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation.

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7
Q

what is the law of conversation of mass?

A

the law of conversation of mass states the total mass of the product formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants

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8
Q

what are state symbols ?

A

the state symbols used are solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g) and aqueous solutions (aq) which is when substances are dissolved into water

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9
Q

how can mixtures be separated?

A

mixtures can be separated through physical processes such as:
> filtration
> simple distillation
> fractional distillation
> chromatography
> crystallisation
this can also include evaporation

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10
Q

what is filtration?

A

filtration is the separation of insoluble solids from soluble liquids using filter paper which collects the remaining solid insoluble particles known as residue

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11
Q

what is crystallisation?

A

crystallisation is the separation of soluble substances from solvents or a solution using evaporation.
• heating to remove the water, leaving crystals behind

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12
Q

what is a miscible?

A

miscible describes liquids that dissolve in each other, mixing completely

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13
Q

what is simple distillation?

A

simple distillation is the separation of solvents from a solution.
• solution is boiled to evaporate the solvent
• vapour is then cooled and condenses
• the liquid is collected

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14
Q

what is fractional distillation?

A

fractional distillation is the separation of miscible liquids that have different boiling points.

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15
Q

what is chromatography?

A

chromatography is the separation of a mixture of substances dissolved in a solvent which have different solubilities than the solvent
• this is seen as they move up a piece of chromatographic paper

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16
Q

what did JJ Thompson’s model suggest?

A

the plum pudding model suggested that the atom was a solid ball of positive charge with negative charges randomly embedded in it.

17
Q

what were the results of Ernest Rutherford’s experiment?

A

the results from the alpha particle scattering experiment led to the conclusion that the mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre (nucleus) and the nucleus was charged containing dense positively charged protons. there was empty space and electrons orbited/surrounded the nucleus.

18
Q

what was the last subatomic particle to be discovered and why?

A

the neutron was the last subatomic particle to be discovered as it had no charge.

19
Q

what are the subatomic particles?

A

the three subatomic particles are protons, neutrons and electrons.

20
Q

what charge do the subatomic particles have?

A

• protons have a relative charge of 1+ - they are positively charged
• electrons have a relative charge of 1- - they are negatively charged
• neutrons don’t have a relative charge - they are neutral

21
Q

what two subatomic particles are normally equal to each other?

A

in an atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons

22
Q

what is the overall charge of an atom and why?

A

atoms have no overall electrical charge because there is the same number of negatively charged electrons as positively charged protons. the charge cancels.

23
Q

what is the atomic number?

A

the number of protons in an atom of an element is its atomic number.

24
Q

how do atoms differ between different elements and a particular element?

A

• all atoms of a particular element all have the same number of protons whilst atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons

25
Q

what is the radius of an atom?

A

atoms are very small and have the radius of about 0.1nm (1x10-10 m)

26
Q

what is the radius of a nucleus?

A

the radius of a nucleus is less than 1/10,000 of the radius of an atom (about 1x10-14m)

27
Q

where is almost all the mass of an atom located?

A

almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus.

28
Q

what mass do the subatomic particles have?

A

• the relative mass of a proton is 1
• the relative mass of a neutron is 1
• the relative mass of an electron is nearly zero (1/2000)

29
Q

what are isotopes?

A

atoms of the same elements that have a different number of neutrons.

30
Q

how do the properties of isotopes differ?

A

• isotopes have identical chemical properties due to the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
• their physical properties such as density can differ due to different number of neutrons.

31
Q

what is the mass number?

A

the total sum of protons and neutrons in an atom is its mass number

32
Q

what is an ion?

A

an ion is formed when atoms gain or lose electrons.

33
Q

what reacts to make positive and negative ions?

A

• metals react to make positive ions
• non-metals form negative ions

34
Q

how are electrons arranged?

A

the electrons in an atom are arranged in energy levels or shells.

35
Q

how many electron can go in each shell?

A

• the 1st shell (with the lowest energy level) can hold up to 2 electrons
• the 2nd and 3rd shells can hold up to 8 electrons each
• the 4th shell would then start to fill once 8 electrons occupy the 3rd shell.

36
Q

what determines the way in which elements react?

A

the number of electrons in the outer most shell of an element’s atom determines the way in which the element reacts.

37
Q

what do electronic structures note?

A

the electronic structure notes the number of electrons in each cell separated by a comma.
• sodium has 11 electrons and would have the electronic structure of 2,8,1

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