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Biologu Paper 2 > Youtube > Flashcards

Youtube Flashcards

1
Q

What is homeostasis

A

An organisms ability to regulate its internal conditions

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2
Q

What 3 things need to be regulated in our body

A

Blood glucose levels
Water levels
Temp

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3
Q

What is the pns

A

Peripheral nervous system which is all other nerves apart from brain and spinal chord

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4
Q

Give an example of a receptor

A

Skin

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5
Q

What neuroses does the electrical impulse travel though once a stimulus has been detected

A

Sensory and relay neurone

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6
Q

What chemical helps the impulse to travel across the synapse

A

Neurotransmitter

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7
Q

What neurons does the reaction travel through to

A

Relay and motor

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8
Q

What is a reflex

A

When a signal passes the brain and goes straight to the spine to the effector

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9
Q

What are glands

A

Effectors which secrete chemicals

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10
Q

What is the method for the reaction time practical

A

Drop the ruler between finger and thumb
Measure distance fallen before caught, repeat and calculate mean

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11
Q

What is the independent variable of the reaction time practical

A

Stimulant eg energy drink

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12
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

System of glands that produce of secrete hormones that travel via the blood

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13
Q

What is the pituitary gland

A

Gland in the brain that sends signals to other glands

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14
Q

What is the pituitary gland

A

Gland in the brain that sends signals to other glands

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15
Q

What does the pancreas do

A

Secretes insulin to control blood sugar

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16
Q

What does the thyroid do

A

Controls growth and metabolism

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17
Q

Empty card idk how

A
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18
Q

What does the pancreas do when blood glucose levels are high

A

Secretes insulin
Causes glucose to move from bloodstream into cells for respiration
Excess glucose converted into glycogen as energy store

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19
Q

What does the pancreas do if blood glucose levels are to low

A

Secretes glucagon
Causes liver and muscles to convert glucogen back into glucose

20
Q

What is type 1 diabetes

A

When pancreas cannot produce insulin
Injections are needed

21
Q

What is type 2 diabetes

A

When cells don’t absorb glucose as they should
Obesity increased risk

22
Q

What is fsh

A

From the pituitary gland causes an egg to mature and ovaries to produce oestrogen

23
Q

What does oestrogen do

A

Causes uterus lining to thicken and inhibits FSH so no more eggs mature until the next cycle and causes pituitary glands to secrete LH

24
Q

What is LH

A

Causes egg to be released which starts to travel toward uterus
A sperm can fertilize it while in the oviduct

25
Q

What is progesterone

A

It’s secreted by the ovaries maintaining uterus lining

26
Q

What is IVF

A

Where eggs are collected after inducing release with LH to be fertilized in a lab

27
Q

Where are viable embryos taken

A

Inserted back into the woman’s uterus

28
Q

What do adrenal glands do

A

Increase blood flow and breathing rate to prepare you for fight or flight

29
Q

What happens during meiosis

A

Chromosomes in diploid cells are copied
Similar chromosomes pair up and genes are swapped between them
The cell divides to produce two diploid cells
These divide again to produce 4 haploid cells called gametes

30
Q

What is an advantage of sexual reproduction

A

Offspring can become better adapted to the environment

31
Q

More spare ffs

A
32
Q

What is an advantage of asexual reproduction

A

Only one organism needed to produce

33
Q

What is a genome

A

The entire genetic code in an organism

34
Q

What is a gene

A

Portion of DNA that codes for a protein

35
Q

What is a genotype

A

An organisms specific genetic code

36
Q

What is a phenotype

A

How this code is expressed in physical characteristics

37
Q

What are characteristics determined by

A

The type and quantity of proteins synthesized

38
Q

What is an allele

A

Different version of the same gene

39
Q

What are dominant alleles

A

Expressed when a genotype contains a recessive allele

40
Q

What are BB and bb alleles called

A

Homozygous

41
Q

What are alleles Bb called

A

Heterozygous

42
Q

What diseases can be caused by dominant alleles

A

Polydactyl and cystic fibrosis

43
Q

What is variation

A

The result of both genetic and environmental factors

44
Q

Explain Darwin’s theory of evolution

A

Random mutations result in variation
Some organisms better adapted to environment
These compete
Those better adapted are more likely to survive

45
Q

What is anti biotic resistant bacteria

A

If not all bacteria are killed those most resistant will reprise this is why u must complete the full course of antibiotics

46
Q

What can organisms of the same species do

A

They can produce fertile offspring

Biologu Paper 2 (3 decks)

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