youth subcultures Flashcards
where did the idea of youth originate from?
1950s post ww2 america
what reasons can be given for the creation of youth subcultures?
fashion, music, later legal school-leaving age, economy, sexual revolution, drugs, rebellion against previous generation
how is fashion a reason for the creation of youth subcultures?
globalized fashion in the media helps create a specific style associated with a youth subculture
how does music help form youth subculture groups?
shared interest in particular genres, styles of lyrics
how does an increased school-leaving age help the formation of youth subcultures?
it means that adolescents enter the work force later, therefore have a longer period to embrace youth without responsibility
how does the economy influence youth subcultures?
when the economy is booming, there is more disposable income available to young people to spend on fashion, music etc
how did the sexual revolution/ drug use increase influence the creation of youth subcultures?
-highlighted the notion of experimenting with identity
-form of rebellion against the previous generation
subculture definition
a culture within a culture. shared norms and values with wider culture but also a few distinct values
what did hebdige say about how subcultures can be identified?
members of a subculture often signal their membership by wearing distinctive clothes, footwear and hairstyles
why do subcultures often develop?
to go against authority or social norms and values
when did teddy boys first emerge?
1950s
how did teddy boys dress?
-in second hand clothing of upperclassmen
-edwardian
what social class were teddy boys?
middle/ upper middle. affluent
what did jefferson 1976 say about teddy boys?
saw teddy boys as attempting to buy status
what were the female version of the teddy boy youth subculture?
‘judies’
what group cultivated the first british market for teenage leisure?
the judies in 1950s
how were the judies recognizable as?
-go out in groups to the cinema/ dances
-collect magazines/ records
what social class were judies typically?
working class or middle class
how many people in the uk have been a member of a youth subculture at some point?
1 in 3 people
name some 1950s youth subculture groups:
teddy boys, judies
name some 1960s youth subculture groups:
mods, rockers, skinheads, hippies
what did media coverage of mods and rockers spark in society?
moral panic about british youths
what were mods and rockers labelled as?
folk devils
folk devil definition
an individual that is perceived to be a bad influence on society
moral panic definition
societal reaction to exaggerated media that shows oppositions to the norms and values
what traits can be identified in the mods subculture?
-motor scooters
-amphetamines and clubbing
-r&b music
-1950s modernist fashion
what traits can be identified in the rockers subculture?
-british motorbike group
-rock music
-withdrawal from mainstream into their own lifestyles based off their sport
what traits can be identified in the skinheads subculture?
-classism motivated
-anti conservitivism
-shaved heads
-manual worker clothes, braces, drainpipe trousers, boots
-influenced by jamaican music/ culture
what social class were skinheads?
working class
what country were skinheads influenced by?
jamaican rastafaris
what traits can be identified in the hippie subculture?
-aiming for peace, love and freedom
-psychadelic drugs use
-folk music
-celebrating nudity/ nature
-rejecting consumerism/ capitalist ideals
what did the hippie group provoke people to question?
authority
what did the hippie group strive to promote?
peace, love and freedom
name some 1970s youth subculture groups:
skinheads, punks, glam rockers, goths
how did skinheads gain a bad reputation by the 1970s?
violence at football games and also racially motivated attacks
what views did punks focus on?
-anti-establishment views
-individual freedom
what music styles did punks listen to?
punk rock, eg sex pistols
what traits can be identified in punk subculture?
-punk rock music
-rebellion motivated
-edgy and outrageous fashion styles
-extreme hairstyles or hair colours
-piercings
what traits can be identified in glam rockers subculture?
-rockpop music
-flamboyant and androgynous fashion
-glitter, platform shoes, crazy hairstyles
-exploration of sexual and gender identities
what sorts of music did glam rockers listen to?
combination of rock and pop styles. eg david bowie
what were glam rockers associated with exploring?
gender and sexual identity
what traits can be identified in the goth subculture?
-fascination with death
-darker colours, neo-victorian fashion, eyeliner
-rebelling against oppressive society norms and values
what can goth subculture be seen as an alternative to?
punks
name some 1980s youth subculture groups:
new romantics, casuals, soul boys
what traits can be identified in the new romantics subculture?
-questioning conventional ideas about identity/ gender
-resided in pubs/ nightclubs
-eccentric fashion. mix of neoclassical/ glamrock
what traits can be identified in the casuals subculture?
-football
-hooliganism at games
-dressed more elegantly than the working class football fans
