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2021 EXAM REVISION > Youth Justice CRI2202 > Flashcards

Youth Justice CRI2202 Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘Juvenile’

A

individuals able to be held criminally responsible but have not reached adulthood’ - Older than 10 but not 18

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2
Q

HORMONES: Impact of thyroid (name of hormone + aspect of growth influenced)

A

Thyroxine -> normal brain development and overall rate of growth

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3
Q

HORMONES: Adrenal (name of hormone + aspect of growth influenced)

A

Adrenal androgen -> some changes at puberty, particularly the development of secondary sex characteristics in girls

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4
Q

HORMONES: Testes (m) (name of hormone + aspect of growth influenced)

A

Testosterone -> triggers sequence of primary and secondary sex characteristics changes at puberty

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5
Q

HORMONES: Ovaries (f) (name of hormone + aspect of growth influenced)

A

Oestrogen -> Development of menstrual cycle and breasts

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6
Q

HORMONES: Pituitary (name of hormone + aspect of growth influenced)

A

Growth hormone, activating hormone -> rate of physical maturation, signals other glands to secrete

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7
Q

Sensorimotor stage - explain

A
  • age 0-2
  • Coordinations of senses with motor response,
  • sensory curiosity
  • Language used for demands and cataloguing
  • object permanence
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8
Q

Preoperational stage - explain

A

2-7 years

  • symbolic thinking, proper syntax and grammar
  • Imagination and intuition
  • conservation developed
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9
Q

concrete operational - explain

A

7-11 years

- Time, space, and quantity are understood and can be applied

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10
Q

Formal operations

A

11 +

  • theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking
  • abstract logic and reasoning
  • strategy and planning become possible
  • concepts applied in different contexts
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11
Q

Kohlberg moral reasoning - Preconventional morality

A
  • avoid punishment

- power of authorities

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12
Q

Conventional morality

A
  • the values and rules of society

- uphold the rules

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13
Q

Postconventional morality

A
  • examine customs and social rules
  • “respect for human life, takes over from the law”
  • adults after age 20
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14
Q

Erik Eriksons 8 stages of psychosocial development

A 
Infant: trust vs mistrust
toddler: shame and doubt vs. autonomy 
pre-schooler: guilt vs initiative 
school-ager: inferiority vs industry
adolescent: role confusion vs identity 
young adult: isolation vs intimacy 
middle age: stagnation vs generativity
elder: despair vs ego-integrity
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15
Q

Maslows Hierarchy - what are the stages?

A
  • Self-actualisation (achieving ones full potential)
  • esteem needs (accomplishments)
  • belongingness and love needs (relationships)
  • safety needs
  • physiological needs
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16
Q

Describe the four attachment styles

A

secure (content, engaged)
avoidant (quiet, withdrawn)
ambivalent (anxious, insecure, not focused
disorganised (angry, depressed, difficulty making friends)

17
Q

Cognitive neuroscience in children - Steinberg (2009)

A

Two neurobiological systems - a socioemotional and a cognitive control system are responsible for children and adolescents engaging in delinquent behaviour

18
Q

Explain the socio-emotional system (cognitive neuroscience)

A
  • emotional reactions to events

- controls rewards and sensation-seeking behaviour

19
Q

Explain cognitive control system (cognitive neuroscience)

A

executive functions: ie., foresight, delaying gratification, future oriented thinking

20
Q

cognitive neuroscience: explain cold cognition

A
  • Thought processes- low emotional arousal
  • reasoned actions
  • predict possible consequences of actions
  • approx. 16 years
21
Q

cognitive neuroscience: explain hot cognition

A
  • thought processes - periods of stress/high emotional intensity
  • riskiest for young people
  • results in risk taking
  • little consideration for consequences
22
Q

Limitations of antisocial youths

A
  1. development delay in moral judgement
  2. self-serving cognitive distortions
  3. social skill deficiencies
23
Q

Explain the delay in moral judgement

A
  • Peristence of immature morality
  • anti-social beh.
  • superficial moral judgement
  • obeying the law
    (insecurity in community, social ramifications)
  • anti-social youths
24
Q

Describe distortions in self-serving cognitive

A
  • Schemas of self-serving cognitive distortion
    “thinking errors”
    “Faulty beliefs”
    Inaccurate or non veridical
    High levels can facilitate aggression and other antisocial behavior
25
Q

Explain social skill defienciences

A

Social skills = ability to display constructive behaviour in social situations
Socially unskilled behaviour becomes unbalanced and destructive for example - giving into peer pressure

2021 EXAM REVISION (6 decks)

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