Correctional Studies CRI2103

Question 1

What are the Guiding Principles for Corrections in Australia 2018

Answer 1

Governance
Respect
Safety and Security
Health and Wellbeing
Rehabilitation and Reintegration

Question 2

When did the agitation of Aboriginal deaths in custody begin in WA

Answer 2

After the deatch of John Pat in Roebourne Prison in 1983

Question 3

What were the Strangeways Riots

Answer 3

1990 - Manchester
25 day riot
Due to: overcrowding, mixing of remand with sentenced prisoner
excessive use of largactil (liquid gold)

Question 4

Outcomes of strangeways riots

Answer 4

• Government and prison management accountability
• Transparency
• Performance benchmarking
• Improved conditions and
• Treatment for prisoners

Question 5

What is the philosophy of imprisonment

Answer 5

• Loss of liberty is the sole form of punishment in prison

- Imprisonment as punishment not for additional punishment

Question 6

What is justification for punishment

Answer 6

Either Retribution OR Utilitarian

Question 7

What is retribution

Answer 7

• a moral rebalancing of harm in an absolute sense
• an offender must be punished in accordance with his her just deserts
• punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act.

Question 8

Problems with retribution

Answer 8

• It can cause unintentional harm
• Equivalence or balance of punishment of crime
• Moral justification – ‘it ought to be done’
• Revenge paradigm

Question 9

What is Utilitarian

Answer 9

• Punishment for the greater good of society
• The amount of punishment is determined by
  how much good it provides
• Social utility is achieved by punishment acting to prevent crime

Question 10

Describe Incapacitation as a purpose of imprisonment

Answer 10

• Confining dangerous people to increase public safety
• Individual unlikely to inflict criminal harm
• Prison helps reduce crime
• Effect may not be great after maturity.

Question 11

Explain deterrence as purpose of imprisonment

Answer 11

• setting an example
• loss of liberty
• inability to make personal decisions
• cut off from family/friends

Question 12

explain retribution/ expiation as purpose of imprisonment

Answer 12

• eye for an eye
• restorative justice
• If measure is not sufficient then individuals who have been wronged may take justice into their own hands

Question 13

explain reformation/rehab as purpose of imprisonment

Answer 13

• breaking the cycle of crime
• preparing prisoner for time of release
• Reformation is an unexceptional purpose of incarceration
• Prisons are an ineffective and undesirable venue for reformation efforts

Question 14

Alternatives to prison?

Answer 14

• No evidence to say prison actually works (prevent reoffending?)
• Alternatives: restorative justice, re-integrated shaming, restitution

Question 15

Explain restorative justice

Answer 15

• method of responding to crime that includes the key parties to the dispute (victim and offender) with the aim of repairing the harm.
  Useful with:
• Domestic violence
• Youth offending
• supports healing for victim in safe enviornment
• allows offender to learn about impact of crime
• allows victim and offender to develop acceptable plan that addresses the harm caused by the crime

Question 16

Explain re-integrative shaming

Answer 16

• This is about community shaming, and it is more
  threatening in some cultures than others.
• communicates disapproval within a continuum of respect for the offender
• the offender is treated as a good person who has done a bad deed

Question 17

Explain restitution

Answer 17

About making good
- Criminal compensation, e.g. a burglar repaying cash, making
good damage, work undertaken freely.
- Community Orders with a community service component instead of imprisonment.

Question 18

Explain The Justice model (models of imprisonment)

Answer 18

• tougher legislation
• It’s what happens when there is an increase in police numbers or government policies of “tough on crime” or panics about parole violations, and imprisonment rates climb.

Question 19

Explain the Humane containment Model (models of imprisonment)

Answer 19

• about the minimal use of custody – prison as a last
  resort.
• Building prisons and managing prisoners inside to community standards, so many of the newer prisons are built on a community model (lots of open spaces, no fences, and no sense of being in a maximum security prison. The idea is about people moving around, normalisation).
• Getting people used to behave in a community setting, and the minimal use of security.

Question 20

Explain the selective incapacitation model (models of imprisonment)

Answer 20

• It is about long sentences for habitual criminals
• The time for habitual criminals is in direct proportion to that given to the “run of the mill offender” and is therefore much longer.

Question 21

explain the Modified Rehabilitation Model (models of imprisonment)

Answer 21

• Enforced Treatment
• It is about including in a period of imprisonment a requirement to undertake an offender based intervention programme.
• This can be used as evidence for Parole Board “I have addressed my offending, my risk is lowered and I am less risk to the community”

Question 22

explain abolitonism (models of imprisonment)

Answer 22

doing away with prisons for certain offenders
eg non violent prisoners.
- A mechanism to reduce overcrowding rather than a new model.
- There is also the cost of imprisonment and if the taxpayer appreciated exactly how much it was costing to keep relatively low level offenders then the argument is about cost benefits.