Youth Crime Part 1: Transformation of Youth Justice in the 20th Century

Question 1

Parens Patriae System

Answer 1

the state is the parent

Question 2

1908: Juvenile Delinquents act

Answer 2

• young offenders are misguided victims
• required guidance and rehabilitation
• meets individual needs
• offenders > offence
• training schools and intermediate sentencing

Question 3

Justice Model

Answer 3

• charter of rights helped this
• due process protections for youth
• right to legal counsel
• right to not be detained through indeterminate sentences
• offence > offender

Question 4

Parenting Model

Answer 4

-abridges the right of children who had no procedural safe guards

Question 5

1984 Youth Offenders Act

Answer 5

-greater emphasis on criminal behaviour of youth
-parens patriae model was unconstitutional (state as parent not in constitution)
-responsibility on youth for their actions
ineffective as a deterrent
-youth become more brazen

Question 6

2003 Youth Criminal Justice Act

Answer 6

• emphasis on proportionate sentencing
• emphasis on diversion
• offence > offender
• deterrence, denunciation, incapacitation EXCLUDED as sentencing principles from the ORIGINAL act

Question 7

What is the purpose of the juvenile courts?

Answer 7

• focus on helping troubled youths
• change delinquent behaviour
• minimize likelihood of future of criminal behaviour