Americanization of the CJS

Question 1

What is he Criminal Justice System

Answer 1

-organized and institutional reaction to criminal behaviour

Question 2

What is the goal of the Criminal Justice System?

Answer 2

Social control of criminal behaviour and the protection of the public

Question 3

What is the Criminal Justice System comprised of?

Answer 3

the police the courts and corrections

Question 4

What are 3 Purposes of the CJS?

Answer 4

1. To PREVENT crime 2. To CONTROL crime 3. To MAINTAN justice

Question 5

What is the LEGAL definition of crime?

Answer 5

Crime is the behaviour prohibited by the criminal code -it is a crime if it is against the law

Question 6

What is the SOCIAL definition of crime?

Answer 6

Crime is a behaviour which violated social norms

Question 7

What is the problem with the social definition of crime?

Answer 7

social norms change from location to location; the definition of crime varies in different locations; this is not true for everyone

Question 8

What is the SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST definition of crime?

Answer 8

Crime is a behaviour so defined by the agents and activities of power; Crime is defined by the ‘agents of social control’

Question 9

What is the culture of control - explained by Garland 2001

Answer 9

Dissolution of penal warfare correctional responses during the 1970s in western regions; sense of “confident progress” Reappearance of penal policies that are emotionally charges and punitively driven

Question 10

What is the punitive turn?

Answer 10

appearance of penal policies that are emotionally charges and punitively driven policies that are put in place to inflict or intend punishment policies that are put into place to decrease the crime rate

Question 11

What are some examples of modern penality, that make a ‘comeback’ under cultures of control?

Answer 11

-Death penalty -Corporal Punishment -Three Strikes Sentencing -Laws Named after victims -Sex Offender Registries

Question 12

What are cultures of control?

Answer 12

Dismissal of penal policies. Those penal policies reappear being emotionally and punitively driven

Question 13

What is the definition of punitive?

Answer 13

Inflicted or Intended punishment

Question 14

What does Beck (1992) mean by risk society?

Answer 14

A perpetual sense of crisis

Question 15

What is the rise of victim-centred crime policy?

Answer 15

they take more into account what happens to the victim –> the victim impact statement

Question 16

What is Incapacitation?

Answer 16

Positively preventing (rather than just deterring) future offenders. Imprisonment incapacitates the prisoner by physically removing them from the society

Question 17

Trend in faith/trust in government and police

Answer 17

Declining

Question 18

What justifies the era of prison works?

Answer 18

Incapacitation -Physically removing offenders from society

Question 19

How is Canada a softer culture of control?

Answer 19

-Canada has not experienced the same rise of culture control; -thus they failed to capture the complexities of the criminal justice responses - Canada has cultural associations as a civilized and “peaceful place” –> canada has no war on drugs –> goals of rehabilitation and community re-integration

Question 20

What is the liberal veil?

Answer 20

liberal discourses masking punitive practices Practices that inflict or intend punishment Ie. Therapeutic punishment

Question 21

Who is associated with the liberal veil?

Answer 21

Canada

Question 22

What is the goal of bill C-10?

Answer 22

tackling crime standing up for victims making communities safer

Question 23

2012 Omnibus Crime Bill C-10

Answer 23

“safe streets” and “communities act” INCLUDES: -new criminal offences -new and increased mandatory minimum sentences (for things like non-violent crimes as drug trafficking) -increased use of pretrial detention -new and harsher sentencing principles for young offenders

Question 24

What are the critiques of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association?

Answer 24

-argues longer prison sentences don’t really work -longer prison terms increase chance to relapse, and make their relapse worse (exacerbate recidivism)

Question 25

Define Recidivism

Answer 25

A tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behaviour; relapse into criminal behaviour

Question 26

2012 Canadian Homicide was at lowest point since…

Answer 26

1966

Question 27

Public view on getting tough

Answer 27

2012 - 62% of Canadians supported longer prison sentences as the best way to reduce crime 2011 - 41% of Quebeckers wanted youth offenders to be judged as adults Evidence for support of crime prevention; simultaneous support for the omnibus bill

Question 28

What the criticisms of the Omnibus bill?

Answer 28

• it does not deter crime but more deals with putting offenders in prison than therapeutic rehabilitative measures

Question 29

What is ‘revolving door’?

Answer 29

Recidivism; relapse into criminal behaviour

Question 30

What causes the revolving door of offenders?

Answer 30

not rehabilitating offenders, causing them to relapse into criminal behaviours

Question 31

Effect of Social Malaise

Answer 31

Social “discomfort/illness” mentally ill, women and aboriginals

Question 32

What are key factors to reducing crime?

Answer 32

• Increase education attainment - Increase employment rates - Increase wages - Increase number of police per capita