Youth & Crime Flashcards

1
Q

What is desistance?

A

The cessation of offending or other antisocial behaviour

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2
Q

What is the peak age of offending?

A

Most offending peaks in late adolescence and declines early adulthood (19-20 years old)

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3
Q

What is moral panic?

A
  • A condition, episode, person or group of persons emerge to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests;
  • Its nature is presented in a stylised and stereotypical fashion by the mass media
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4
Q

What is othering?

A
  • A process by which we identify people who are not part of our in group, the people we do not want to accept, therefore classified as “others” -> about power dynamics
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5
Q

What are some points on juvenile offending?

A
  • Most offending peaks in late adolescence and declines early adulthood
  • Those aged 15-19 are more likely to be processed by police for a commission of a crime than others members of the population
  • Indigenous juveniles are more likely to have contact with the criminal justice system
  • Male juvenile are detained at consistently higher rates than females
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6
Q

What is types of offences do juveniles commit?

A
  • High rates of graffiti, vandalism, shoplifting
  • Serious offences such as murder and sexual assault are rarely perpetuated by juveniles
  • More likely to be charged for offences against property than against the person
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7
Q

What are some differences between juvenile and adult offending?

A
  • Juveniles are less experienced
  • Juveniles commit offences in groups in public areas
  • Juvenile offences are attention seeking, unplanned and opportunistic
  • Juveniles engage in riskier behaviour than adults e.g. drug and alcohol use, dangerous driving
  • Juveniles are heavily influence by their peers
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8
Q

What is the minimum age of criminal responsibility in Australia?

A
  • In all Australian jurisdictions the minimum age of criminal responsibility is 10 years old
  • Children under 10 cannot be held legally responsible for their actions
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9
Q

What is doli incapax?

A
  • A rebuttable legal presumption that a child is incapable of crime under legislation or common law
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10
Q

What is the approach to juvenile justice in Australia?

A
  • Welfare model -> considers the needs of the young offender and aims to rehabilitate the juvenile
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11
Q

How does labelling effect juveniles?

A
  • Young people labelled a ‘criminal’ by the CJS are likely to live up to the label and become committed career criminals rather than grow out of crime
  • Stigmatisation by the CJS produces a self-fulfilling prophecy - young people labelled criminals assume the identity of a criminal
  • Labelling & stigmatisation considered to play a critical role in whether a juvenile persists or desists from crime
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12
Q

How is stigmatisation of juveniles reduced in criminal justice system?

A
  • Prohibitions on naming the juvenile offender in criminal justice proceedings
  • Juveniles can be found guilty of an offence without being convicted
  • Convictions may not be recorded to avoid stigmatising juveniles and assist them to ‘grow out’ of crime rather than become entrenched in the criminal justice system
  • Juveniles who participate in restorative justice conferences do not have a conviction recorded even if they have admitted guilt
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13
Q

What is juvenile diversion?

A

Refers to the various measures to ‘divert’ juvenile offenders away from formal criminal justice proceedings

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14
Q

What are some examples of juvenile diversion?

A
  • Juveniles often afforded the benefit verbal and written warnings, police cautions, youth justice conferences or community based programs rather than sent directly to court
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15
Q

Why is juvenile diversion important?

A
  • Limits the juveniles contact with the CJS which may foster further criminality through stigmatisation and labelling
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