Crime and the Media Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Penological Perspective of Justice?

A

The study of prisons, pragmatic side (dealing with things sensibly and realistically), what works in reducing crime

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2
Q

What is the Philosophical Perspective of Justice?

A

Justice must be seen to be done, what is just? just is ‘what is proportional to the blameworthiness of the offender’ which does not satisfy the public

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3
Q

What is the Sociological Perspective of Justice?

A
  • Punishment is an ensemble of social forces and has significance that reaches well beyond the population of criminals
  • The sociology of punishment should inform us about the social forces that penal processes and the various social consequences that these processes in turn produce
  • General public interested in punishment - does it fit the crime?
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4
Q

What are the two working forces inside of us according to Durkheim?

A
  1. Our desire to forward our personal goals and objectives

2. To do good for the social collective (moral compass)

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5
Q

Explain Durkheim’s two working forces?

A
  • Punishment tells us that it is worthwhile to not break the laws, we are making the right decision by looking after the social good and social order
  • Modern punishment is aimed at expressing, educating and reassuring the public
  • Punishment is not for the person who committed the crime but to reaffirm our beliefs in the social good
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6
Q

What does public punitiveness mean?

A

The public has a view that sentencing is too lenient due to a lack of information

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7
Q

What is the problem with the media?

A
  • Media does an injustice by not providing all the information/facts
  • Media are more likely to publish aggravating factors than they are mitigating factors
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8
Q

What is cultivation theory?

A
  • Cultivation theory suggests that widespread fear of crime is enhanced by the media
  • Fear is as important as crime itself - it affects and impacts more people than crime
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9
Q

The vast majority of crime is…

A
  • Minor offences perpetuated by family, friends and acquaintances
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10
Q

What is the differential reception thesis?

A
  • The media cultivates an unrealistic picture of crime
  • The degree of cultivation depends upon variables such as belief systems and social environments
  • Some people will be more receptive to this message than other people
  • 4 associated hypotheses
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11
Q

What are the four hypothesises of differential reception thesis?

A
  1. Substitution hypothesis
  2. Resonance hypothesis
  3. Affinity hypothesis
  4. Vulnerability hypothesis
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12
Q

Explain substitution hypothesis?

A

The effect of cultivation will be stronger in an absence of personal experience - those who have not experienced victimisation

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13
Q

Explain resonance hypothesis?

A

The effect of cultivation will be stronger in the presence of personal experience - those who have experienced victimisation

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14
Q

Explain affinity hypothesis?

A

The effect of cultivation will be greater for those who resemble victims - the closer you are to the victim, the more you will be scared of crime

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15
Q

Explain vulnerability hypothesis?

A

The effect of cultivation will be greater for those who feel most vulnerable e.g. the elderly, disabled

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16
Q

What is herostratic fame?

A
  • Fame deliberately acquired by destructive means

- Seeking notoriety (famousness)

17
Q

What is body count journalism?

A
  • The tendency for media to report sensational offences rather than mundane offences
  • Notoriety (famousness) achieved by sensational offences
  • Media can contribute towards crime
18
Q

Explain the term ‘folk devil’

A

When a condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests, its nature is presented in a stylised and stereotypical fashion by the mass media

19
Q

What is deviancy amplification spiral?

A
  • Behaviour begins as a relatively minor deviance but amplifies into more serious criminal behaviour due to heavy handed intervention by control agencies
  • Includes primary & secondary deviance
20
Q

What is primary deviance?

A

The initial breaking of the law, deviant behaviour committed before the application of a deviant label

21
Q

What is secondary deviance?

A
  • Deviant behaviour committed in response to or because of a label that has been applied to an individual
  • Deviant acts that occur after labelling and in response to labelling from control agencies such as police and media
22
Q

What are Wall’s four classifications of cybercrime?

A
  1. Cyber-trespass: crossing boundaries into other people’s property and or causing damage e.g. hacking, defacement, viruses
  2. Cyber-deceptions and thefts: stealing (money, property) e.g. credit card fraud, intellectual property violations (piracy). Phishing - large scale email frauds that use what on the surface appears to be legitimate electronic letters from banks and building societies
  3. Cyber-pornography: breaching laws on obscenity and indecency, posting images
  4. Cyber-violence: doing psychological harm to or inciting physical harm against others thereby breaching laws relating to the protection of the person e.g. hate speech, stalking