Gender & Crime Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nature of male offending?

A
  • Bulk of crime is committed by males

- Higher rates of violence, aggression, assault, burglary and sexual offences

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2
Q

What is the nature of female offending?

A
  • Woman are more heavily involved in property crime e.g. theft, shoplifting and higher rates in fraud, deception and forgery
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3
Q

Why do females offend?

A
  • To provide/support children or family

- Having no money, no job, family problems, association with the wrong crows, drug and alcohol use

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4
Q

What can explain the rise in female offending?

A
  • Changes in socialisation processes
  • Rise in feminism
  • Greater opportunities and participation in society
  • Increased rate of mental illness
  • Childhood abuse
  • Higher prosecution rate
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5
Q

What are some facts on female victimisation?

A
  • A high proportion of woman experience violence by someone they know well
  • Women are at higher risk of domestic violence and becoming a vicim of theft
  • Women have a lower risk of becoming a victim of violent crime
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6
Q

What are some facts on male victimisation?

A
  • Males are victimised at a higher rate but less likely to report
  • Masculinity affects reporting rates - a victim identity signifies weakness
  • Greater risk of stranger violence
  • Male victims not taken as seriously as female victims
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7
Q

What are some female experiences with the criminal justice system?

A
  • Woman make up very small minority of the prison population
  • There is a higher cautioning rate for women (due to the increased likelihood that they will admit that offence - a prerequisite of receiving a caution)
  • Prison sentences are usually shorter than males
  • For indictable offences females are more likely to be discharged or given a community sentence
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8
Q

What is the chivalry thesis?

A

The view that the criminal justice system tends to take a protective and patriarchal view of female offending

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9
Q

What is provocation?

A
  • When a person is considered to have committed a criminal activity partly because of a preceding set of events that might cause a reasonable person to lose self control
  • Makes them less morally culpable
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10
Q

What is self defence?

A

A counter measure that involves defending the well-being of oneself from harm, the person is right to act the way they did - not responsible

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11
Q

What are the changes in self defence laws?

A
  • Traditionally self defence was written in a way where it presumed equality between two individuals and the response had to be proportionate and immediate
  • Today if there is a clear history of on-going abuse and psychological affects and a person can establish they were in fear of their life they can claim self defence
  • Today it does not have to be proportionate or immediate
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