Young bones Flashcards
What is the top part of the bone called?
Proximal epiphysis
What is the bottom part of the bone called?
Distal epiphysis
What are the top and bottom growth plates called
proximal and distal physis
What are the differnet zones of growth plate startung from closest to epiphysis
Reserve zone- resting zone
Proliferative zone- zone of proliferating cartilage
Zone of maturation and hypertrophy
provisional zone of calcification
What does the reserve zone contain
scattered small chondrocytes- small amount, resting cartilage here
What does the Proliferative zone contain
Chondrocytes Larger than and more than reserve zone
bone starting to form
What does the zone of maturation and hypertrophy contain
Chondrocytes are starting to become calcified
Calcium incorparate into bone
What does the provisional zone of calcification contain
calcified cartilage turning into normal bone
this is where growing of long bone takes place
How do children grow? rates boys vs girls
Before puberty girls and boys grow roughly the same rate.
When puberty hits rate slows down
Girls hit puberty earlier than boys
How can we measure the rate of growth in the labatory?
Using the marker alkaline phosphate to measure osteoblastic activity to measure the rate of bone turnoer
How does bone growth affect the observed levels of ALP?
As bones grow ALP increases
Explain the ossification of the carpels in the hand from birth
Birth- No carpels 1-3 moths- Capitate ossifies 2-4 months- Hanmate ossifies 2-4 years- Triquetral ossifies Lunate ossifies 4-6 years- Scaphoid Trapezium Trapezoid 8-12 years- Pisiform
What are the main fractures in a child’s bone 4
Greenstick
Torus
Complete- Spiral
Salter-Harris
What is a torus fracture
The bone buckles, but the integrity of the surface of the bone on the CONVEX side is maintained
What is a greenstick fracture
Bone is bent such as to damage the CONVEX surface —but the fracture is incomplete
Where does a greenstick fracture usually happen
Mid-diaphyseal
How does a torus fracture heal
Bone remodels overtime
No treatment needed
What is a Salter-Harris fracture
Growth plate fracture
What happens to a greenstick fracture overtime
May or may not need manipulation
What is Salter Harris Fracture 1
Epiphysis moved completely
Bone still intact
What is Salter Harris Fracture 2
fracture is on the main part of the bone rather than in the epiphysis itself.
What is Salter Harris Fracture 3
Fracture on the epiphysis
What is Salter Harris Fracture 4
Fracture on both epiphysis and bone
What is Salter Harris Fracture 5
Crush fracture bone has been compressed
So growth plate may be damaged that way
How can greenstick fracture be caused
Crushing blow on side of bone rather than squishing it
What are causes of rickets?
Prematurity
Nutrition
Maternal vit D deficiency
Lack of sunlight
Why does prematurity cause rickets?
not all of your organ systems are actually working yet
What are the symptoms of rickets
Skeletal changes and bone pain
Bowing of legs
Where is the most impact of rickets?
Where growth is greatest - long bones
