You and your genes B1

Question 0

where is DNA stored?

Answer 0

nucleus

Question 1

what unit controls a cells function?

Answer 1

genes

Question 2

what type of biochemical do gene’s code for?

Answer 2

proteins

Question 3

DNA is a very long molecule found in the nucleus. what is the condensed form called?

Answer 3

chromosomes

Question 4

characteristics can be formed by 3 factors. what are they?

Answer 4

• genetic
• environmental
• genetic and environmental

Question 5

how many chromosomes does a normal cell contain?

Answer 5

23 pairs

Question 6

how many chromosomes do gametes contain?

Answer 6

23

Question 7

what do we call different versions of a gene?

Answer 7

alleles

Question 8

how many of these versions can an organism have?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

if an individual has 2 of the same allele, they are…

Answer 9

homozygous

Question 10

if an individual has 2 different alleles, they are…

Answer 10

heterozygous

Question 11

sexual reproduction requires genetic information from how many people?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

siblings are not identical because…

Answer 12

parents alleles are combined differently so there’s variation

Question 13

what are the 2 terms for different alleles that refer to the relative strength of an allele?

Answer 13

dominant and recessive

Question 14

what are the male and female determination chromosome pairs?

Answer 14

male: XY
female: XX

Question 15

what chromosome contains the gene that triggers the development of male characteristics?

Answer 15

Y chromosome

Question 16

what is that gene called?

Answer 16

SRY

Question 17

what does the term genotype mean?

Answer 17

the combination of alleles of an individual organism

Question 18

what does the term phenotype mean?

Answer 18

the observable characteristics of an organism

Question 19

name two diseases that are caused by a single faulty gene, giving one example of the disease being dominant and one recessive

Answer 19

Huntingdons disease - dominant

Cystic fibrosis - recessive

Question 20

what symptoms do Huntingdons disease present?

Answer 20

• clumsiness

- memory loss

Question 21

what symptoms do cystic fibrosis present?

Answer 21

• chest infections

- difficultly in digesting food

Question 22

what term is given to an individual that heterozygous for a recessive disease causing gene?

Answer 22

a carrier

Question 23

what are the implications of running a genetic screen on a pregnant woman need to be considered before the procedure is carried out?

Answer 23

risk of miscarriage as a result of a cell sampling for the genetic test

Question 24

what are some of the implications of testing embryos prior to implantation?

Answer 24

parents could choose the characteristics of the child

Question 25

describe asexual reproduction and some of the types of organisms that can carry it out

Answer 25

bacteria, plants and some animals can reproduce asexually to form clones

Question 26

what is a clone?

Answer 26

individuals with identical DNA

Question 27

what factors might cause differences between clones?

Answer 27

environmental factors

Question 28

describe a way in which clones occur in animals

Answer 28

naturally when cells of an embryo separate

Question 29

why is the medical industry interested in developing our understanding of stem cells?

Answer 29

potential to treat some illnesses

Question 60

where are genes found?

Answer 60

in our chromosomes

Question 61

what does the nucleus do?

Answer 61

control activities of a cell

Question 62

environmental characteristics

Answer 62

climate, diet, lifestyle, culture

Question 63

how do plants, bacteria and animals form clones?

Answer 63

reproduce asexually

Question 64

adult stem cell

Answer 64

unspecialised cells that can develop into many types of cells

Question 65

embryonic stem cells

Answer 65

unspecialised cells that can develop into any cell

Question 66

dominant allele

Answer 66

two copies needed to have the feature it produces

Question 67

recessive allele

Answer 67

only needed to have the feature it produces