Keeping healthy B2

Question 0

MRSA

Answer 0

not killed by antibiotics

Question 1

what do antibiotics do?

Answer 1

kill bacteria and have no effects on viruses

Question 2

process of drug testing

Answer 2

1. lab
2. animals
3. humans

a slow process while in the mean time bacteria is changing all the time

Question 3

placebo

Answer 3

way of checking people are getting better cos of fake drugs

fake drugs

Question 4

the findings will be accepted by other scientists…

Answer 4

work checked by other scientists who study vaccination and childhood disease

Question 5

explanation for not getting flu

Answer 5

• has vaccination against a flu
• vaccination stimulates production of specific antibodies
• infected by flu virus
• specific antibodies made very quickly
• does not get flu

Question 6

explanation for getting flu

Answer 6

• has vaccination against flu virus
• vaccination stimulates production of specific antibodies
• infected by flu virus
• flu virus has high mutation rate
• viruses attack unprotected body cells
• gets flu

Question 7

why is it difficult to produce an effective vaccine against HIV?

Answer 7

virus attacks cells of the immune system

Question 8

receptors

Answer 8

in the skin detect the external temperature

Question 9

temperature detectors

Answer 9

in the brain detect the blood temperature

Question 10

low blood water level

Answer 10

causes a high salt concentration

Question 11

receptors in the hypothalamus

Answer 11

detect the high salt content

Question 12

ADH

Answer 12

made in the brain, travels down in your blood to your kidneys

Question 13

what type of vessel carries blood to the heart muscle?

Answer 13

coronary arteries

Question 14

pathogens

Answer 14

microorganisms that cause infectious disease

Question 15

bacteria

Answer 15

living cells

Question 16

how long does it take for bacteria to double?

Answer 16

every 20 minutes

Question 17

what happens when microorganisms enter the body?

Answer 17

release toxins and damage cells causing symptoms of disease

Question 18

passive immunity

Answer 18

preventing pathogen entering body

Question 19

what can white blood cells do?

Answer 19

produce antibodies to destroy pathogen

produce antitoxins to neutralise the toxins released by pathogen

Question 20

answer for pathogen question

Answer 20

pathogen isn’t the disease, cause of disease
white blood cells don’t eat the pathogen, ingest it
antibodies and antitoxins aren’t living things, they’re specialised proteins

Question 21

memory cells

Answer 21

white blood cell that responds quickly to microorganism second time. produce right antibody for certain microorganism destroying it before you feel unwell called being immune to a disease

Question 22

high mutation rate

Answer 22

DNA virus changes a lot meaning body has to use different antibodies each time making it harder to become immune

Question 23

antigen

Answer 23

foreign organism gets into body triggering immune response

Question 24

white blood cell

Answer 24

cells that fight disease making antibodies

Question 25

two examples of what the body keeps the same

Answer 25

body temperature 37•c

amount of water in body

Question 26

homeostasis

Answer 26

how the body keeps conditions the same

Question 27

effectors

Answer 27

organs which have an effect when stimulated (muscles or glands)

Question 28

alcohol leads to?

Answer 28

dehydration, more dilute urine

Question 29

ecstasy leads to?

Answer 29

less dilute urine, too much water in body

Question 30

arteries

Answer 30

thick outer layers

thick layers of mucsle and elastic fibres

Question 31

veins

Answer 31

thin walls

thin layers of muscle and elastic fibres

Question 32

coronary arteries

Answer 32

supply blood to the heart muscles

Question 33

heart attacks may happen because

Answer 33

heart muscle cells don’t get oxygen and nutrients they need so the cells die