Yokley and Glenwick (1989)

Question 1

Immunisation deficient

Answer 1

Children who were found to be in need of at least one immunisation.

Question 2

Community interventions

Answer 2

Any attempts to encourage a certain behaviour in a town or city, using methods such as leafleting, letters and lotteries.

Question 3

Aim

Answer 3

To investigate the impact of 4 conditions on motivating parents to have their children immunised.

Question 4

What were the 4 conditions?

Answer 4

1. Mailed prompt
2. Mailed specific prompt
3. Mailed specific prompt plus expanded clinic hours and convenience.
4. Mailed specific prompt plus lottery ticket (monetary incentive).

Question 5

Participants

Answer 5

• 2,101 pre-school immune-deficient children in America.
• 50% female
• 64% white
• Needed one or more innoculations for tetanus, whooping cough, measles, mumps, rubella, polio or diphtheria.

FINAL SAMPLE 715?

Question 6

Method

Answer 6

Longitudinal field experiment.

Question 7

Which group had the biggest impact?

Answer 7

The monetary incentive group.

Followed by increased access group, specific prompt group, general prompt group and lastly the control groups.

Question 8

What did the specific prompt groups and the monetary incentive groups cause?

Answer 8

29% increase in the no. of immunisations given.

Question 9

Which method was the most cost-effective?

Which was the least?

Answer 9

Specific prompt group was the most cost-effective.

Monetary incentive was the least cost effective in the long run.

Question 10

Conclusion

Answer 10

• Using behavioural incentives to motivate parents to immunise children is effective.
• A single general prompt is not enough to motivate parents to immunise children.

Question 11

Strengths

Answer 11

• Standardised procedure = high reliability because research it replicable.
• Generalisable = large-scale study on huge population of immune-deficient children, providing lots of data.
• Longitudinal study = increases validity since we can learn long-term effects.
• RWA = could help influence approaches used by health care providers to improve immunisation rates.

Question 12

Criticisms

Answer 12

• Cultural bias = findings may not generalise to other parts of the USA or other countries. The final sample was smaller so also may not represent the target population.
• Unethical = used children, parents did not consent to participate, they were unaware their behaviour was being manipulated, questionable whether it is ethical to encourage a group using money.

Question 13

How does Yokley and Glenwick’s study have RWA?

Answer 13

Suggests ways that adherence could be improved in immunisation-deficient children.

Question 14

What is it reductionist to assume about adherence?

Answer 14

That non-adherence is as simple as making a rational choice.

The reason for adherence may be a complex interaction between past positive or negative experiences (behaviourism) and early trauma (psychodynamic) combined with biological side effects which may be very individual to one particular person.