Lovell et al. (2006) Flashcards

1
Q

Context

A

Weekly, in-person therapy is costly and lengthy waiting lists can make it inaccessible.

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2
Q

Aim and hypothesis

A

To compare telephone vs face-to-face ERP CBT treatment.

Telephone ERP is not less effective than face-to-face ERP.

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3
Q

Method

A

Randomised control trial, independent measures, longitudinal.

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4
Q

Participants

A

72 16-65 year-old outpatients with OCD from the UK.

All scored 16+ on the Y-BOCS and did not suffer from substance misuse or other conditions.

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5
Q

Sampling

A

Opportunity sample.

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6
Q

How were ppts assigned to each condition?

What were the conditions?

A

Randomly assigned to either the telephone or face-to-face condition (independent measures design).

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7
Q

Explain the sessions of CBT

A

Exposure response prevention therapy, either delivered traditionally through a 60-minute face-to-face session, or by a shorter telephone call (up to 30 minutes).

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8
Q

How many sessions were given to each ppt?

How often?

A

10 weekly sessions.

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9
Q

How many therapists carried out the treatments?

How was the consistency of treatment maintained?

A

2 experienced therapists (one at each clinic carried out both type).

Therapist manuals were used, alongside fortnightly supervision sessions and 4-monthly training days.

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10
Q

How were ppts assessed prior to treatment?

A

Prior to treatment, all ppts were assessed twice, 4 weeks apart, using the Y-BOCS to measure the severity of their OCD and BDI to measure feelings of depressive disorder.

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11
Q

How were ppts assessed after treatment?

A

Ppts were assesed using the Y-BOCS and BDI immediately following treatment, then at 1, 3 and 6-month follow-ups.

There were also given a client satisfaction questionnaire.

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12
Q

What was there no significant difference in between the groups before treatment or at any of the follow-up assessments?

A

No significant difference in symptom severity between the telephone and face-to-face groups.

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13
Q

Did client satisfaction differ?

A

Client satisfaction did not differ immediately after treatment.

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14
Q

For what percentage of ppts in each group was treatment successful for?

A
  • Telephone group = 77%
  • Face-to-face group = 67%
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15
Q

Conclusions

A

Telephone ERP CBT for OCD is as effective as face-to-face therapy, despite 50% less therapist contact time.

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16
Q

Strengths

A
  • Valid = random allocation should control for researcher bias/individual differences.
  • Reliable = baseline measures were taken twice (test-retest reliability).
  • Standardised = objective scales for measurement and trained therapists.
  • RWA = cheaper more accessible alternative to traditional CBT but just as effective.
17
Q

Criticisms

A
  • Cultural bias = hard to generalise since the sample was small.
  • Self-report = risk of demand characteristics/social desirability bias since answers are subjective.
  • Longitudinal = 11 ppts dropped out, attrition can cause reduced validity/generalisability.