yhhhh Flashcards
What is Beta-thalassaemia major caused by? (2 things)
- Absence of Beta chains
- On Chromosome 11
What are the CF of Beta-thalassaemia major? (2 things)
What age does it present at?
- Failure to thrive
- Hepatosplenomegaly
Presents in 1st year of life
What will the bloods of Beta-thalassaemia major say? (3 things)
- Microcytic anaemia
- Raised: HbA2 + HbF
- Absent: HbA
How do you manage Beta-thalassaemia major?
Blood transfusion
What is a complication of repeated transfusions in Beta-thalassaemia major management?
How do you overcome this?
Iron overload
Overcome by: Iron chelation agent = Deferiprone
What is Wilson’s disease?
- Rare inherited disorder
- Copper accumulates in liver + brain
What is the treatment of Wilson’s Disease?
Copper chelator: Trientine
What is Azathioprine?
What conditions is it used to treat? (3 things)
Immunosuppresant
Treats:
- RA
- UC
- Crohn’s
What are the side fx of Azathioprine? (2 things)
- Pancreatitis
- Bone marrow depression
What are the side fx of Amiodarone? (3 things)
- Thyroid dysfunction
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Hepatic fibrosis
What are the ECG signs of HypERkalaemia? (3 things)
- Small / absent P waves
- Wide QRS complex
- Tall tented T wave
What are the ECG signs of HypOkalaemia? (4 things)
- Prolonged PR interval
- Long QT interval
- ST depression
- Small / inverted T wave
some nigga on passmed comments:
in HYPOkalaemia …
U have not Pot and no T but a long PR and a long QT
What nerve is clarted when pt can’t keep a piece of paper from slipping from between THUMB and INDEX?
What will they do to compensate for this nerve clartation? What is this called?
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
Extra flexing da thumb: Froment’s sign

What is the Cavernous sinus?
Paired venous sinus in Sphenoid bone
Where does the Cavernous sinus run FROM and TO?
From: Superior Orbital Fissure (SOF)
To: Petrous Temporal Bone
What is Medial and Lateral to the Cavernous sinus? (2+1 things)
Medial:
- Pituitary Fossa
- Sphenoid sinus
Lateral: Temporal lobe

What are the components of the Lateral wall of the Cavernous sinus from top to bottom? (4 things)
- Oculmotor nerve (3)
- Trochlear nerve (4)
- Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
- Maxillary nerve (V2)

What are the contents of the Cavernous Sinus?
- Internal carotid artery
- Abducens nerve (6)

What is the blood supply of the Cavernous Sinus? (2 things)
- Ophthalmic vein
- Superficial cortical veins
Where does the Cavernous Sinus drain into?
Via what? (2 things)
IJV
via: Sup + Inf Petrosal sinuses
What are the 4 stages of sleep in order and their associated EEG waves?
N1, N2, N3, REM
Theta, Sleep spindles, Delta, Beta (The Sleep Doctor’s Brain)
* N = non-RM stage
If you have a spinal injury, what is the loss of pain distribution?
What phenomena explains this?
Loss of pain sensation on OPPOSITE side from anywhere BELOW injury site
Spinothalamic tract DECUSATES in spinal cord 1 level above where stimulus enters, and da tract travels UPWARDS
What is da most common cause of sudden cardiac death in the yutesdem?
Hypertrophic Obstructive CardioMyopathy (HOCM)
What is the inheritence pattern of Hypertrophic Obstructive CardioMyopathy (HOCM)?
What is it’s prevalence?
Autosomal dominant
1 in 500

























































