Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

#passmed 2022 > Scrotal Lumps > Flashcards

Scrotal Lumps Flashcards

1
Q

What is a scrotal lump?

A

Abn mass / swelling in sctrotum

Originates from testicular / extra-testicular sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a testicular lump until proven otherwise?

A

Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an acute tender enlargement of testis until proven otherwise?

A

Torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What questions should you answer when examining a scrotal lump? (3 things)

A
  1. Can you get above it?
  2. Is it separate from testis?
  3. Cystic or solid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can diagnosis of a scrotal lump be made from examination alone?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If you CANNOT get above a scrotal lump what are the differentials? (2 things)

A
  1. Inguinoscrotal hernia

2. Hydrocele (extending proximally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If a scrotal lump is SEPARATE from testis + CYSTIC what are the differentials?

A

Epididymal cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

If a scrotal lump is SEPARATE from testis + SOLID what are the differentials? (2 things)

A
  1. Epididymitis

2. Varicocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a scrotal lump is TESTICULAR + CYSTIC what are the differentials?

A

Hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If a scrotal lump is TESTICULAR + SOLID what are the differentials? (4 things)

A
  1. Tumour
  2. Haematocele
  3. Granuloma
  4. Orchitis

Do US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 6 S’s when inspecting a scrotal lump?

A
  1. Site
  2. Size
  3. Shape
  4. Symmetry
  5. Skin changes
  6. Scars
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the extra-testicular differentials for a scrotal lump? (4 things)

A
  1. Hydrocele
  2. Varicocele
  3. Epididymal cyst (spermatocele)
  4. Epididymitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the testicular differentials for a scrotal lump? (2 things)

A
  1. Testicular tumour

2. Testicular torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Hydrocele?

A

Fluid in tunica vaginalis (serosa covering of testeis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the features of the scrotal lump in Hydrocele? (3 things)

A
  1. CANNOT get above it
  2. Testicular (not separate)
  3. Cystic
  4. Transilluminates (lets light through)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a PRIMARY hydrocele caused by?

A

Congenital = patent processus vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment of a PRIMARY hydrocele?

A

Nothing, it resolves within 1st year of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a SECONDARY hydrocele caused by? (3 things)

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Tumour
  3. Infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What should you do if sus SECONDARY hydrocele?

A

Urgent US

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are hydroceles painful?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the management options of hydroceles? (2 things)

A
  1. Aspiration

2. Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the surgical management of hydroceles? (2 things)

A
  1. Folding of tunica vaginalis (Lord’s repair)

2. Inverting sac (Jaboulay’s repair)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a Varicocele?

A

Dilated veins of pampiniform plexus

24
Q

What are the features of the scrotal lump in Varicocele? (3 things)

A
  1. Separate from testes
  2. Solid
  3. Feels like bag of worms
25
Which side are varicoceles most commonly found on?
Left (90%)
26
What can a varicocele cause? (2 things)
1. Infertility | 2. Testicular atrophy
27
What is the management of a varicocele? (2 things)
1. Embolisation (by interventional radiologist) | 2. Ligation of spermatic veins
28
What are the symptoms of a varicocele?
Dull ache
29
What is a Epididymal cyst (spermatocele)?
Benign fluid filled sac arising from epididymis | smooth fluctual node) (often multiple
30
What are the features of the scrotal lump in an Epididymal cyst? (3 things)
1. Separate (above) testes 2. Cystic 3. Transilluminates
31
What are the symptoms of an epididymal cyst?
Asymptomatic
32
What is the treatment for an epididymal cyst?
Doesn't need treatment
33
Why should you avoid doing surgery on an epididymal cyst?
Surgery can lead to infertility
34
What is Epididymitis?
Inflamm of epididymis
35
What are the features of the scrotal lump in an Epididymitis? (3 things)
1. Separate from testes | 2. Solid
36
What is the most common cause of scrotal pain in adults?
Epididymitis
37
What is the pain in Epididymitis?
Unilateral + acute
38
What are the assoc symptoms of Epididymitis? (3 things)
1. Swelling 2. Eryhematous overlying skin 3. Fever
39
What are the findings on examination of Epididymitis?
1. Tender epididymis | 2. Prehn's sign (pain relieved @ testes elevation)
40
What is the management of Epididymitis?
1. Oral abx | 2. Analgesia
41
What is a testicular tumour?
Painless lump arising from testes
42
What are the findings on examination of Testicular tumours?
1. Firm irreg mass | 2. DOES NOT transilluminate (bc solid)
43
What should you do if you sus Testicular tumour? (2 things)
1. Urgent US for diagnosis | 2. Tumour markers
44
What is the use of tumour markers in Testicular tumours? (3 things)
1. Aids diagnosis 2. Staging 3. Monitors treatment
45
What are the tumour markers for Testicular tumour? (2 things)
1. alpha-FP | 2. Beta-hCG
46
What are the signs of Testicular tumours? (4 things)
1. Painless testis lump 2. Secondary hydrocele 3. Dyspnoea (lung mets) 4. Abd mass (enlarged nodes)
47
What are the risk factors for Testicular tumours? (3 things)
1. Undescended testis 2. Infant hernia 3. Infertility
48
What does a Stage 1 Testicular tumour indicate?
No metastasis evidece
49
What does a Stage 2 Testicular tumour indicate?
Infradiaphragmatic node involvement
50
What does a Stage 3 Testicular tumour indicate?
Supradiaphragmatic node involvement
51
What does a Stage 4 Testicular tumour indicate?
Lung involvement (haematogenous spread)
52
What is the management of Testicular tumours?
Radical orchidectomy (removing testicle)
53
What is Testicular torsion?
Twisting of testes on spermatic cord --> ischaemia
54
What are the clinical features of Testicular torsion? (4 things)
1. Sudden onset severe unilat scrotal pain 2. Nausea + vom 3. Tender + raised + swollen testes 4. Loss of cremasteric reflex (inner thigh stroke pulls up testes)
55
Why is Testicular torsion a surgical emergency?
To prevent permanent testicular damage

#passmed 2022 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions