Yellow Book Social Studies Flashcards
1
Q
Conflict Resolution
A
Using words to talk problems out
Goal is to effectively and calmly solve the problem
Try to understand from the other person point of view
2
Q
The words trail of tears means
A
putting the Indians on reservations
3
Q
Civilization
A
the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area. Example-civilization are of Fertile Crescent between Tigris and Euphrates river which is now Iraq and Syria
4
Q
Monotheism
A
belief on One Supreme Being
5
Q
Polytheism
A
Belief in Many Gods
6
Q
Rosetta Stone
A
Large black stone that contains messages in three different languages
7
Q
Civil War
A
1860-1865 (Lincoln) Groups of people from the same place fighting each other
8
Q
Magna Charta
A
mean “Great Charter” King John of England in 1215 established that the king recognized the rights of his nobles
9
Q
Johan Gutenberg
A
invented the printing press
10
Q
Nationalism
A
sense of belonging to a nation
11
Q
Imperialism
A
interest of a dominant nation subjugate the interests of another nation
Ex-during empire building of the 19th century when countries of Europe colonized and controlled vast areas of Africa and Asia
12
Q
Conscription
A
Draft of young men to serve in the military
13
Q
Cold War
A
period after world war II, race to space 1945 to 1991
14
Q
Ponce de Leon
A
first Spaniard to set foot in Florida
15
Q
Cabeza De Vaca
A
Was a Spaniard who was the First European to explore what is now Texas and the southwestern United State wondered the are for 7 years
16
Q
Francisco Coronado
A
looking for fabled seven cities of gold
17
Q
Jamestown
A
First permanent English Colony on the Americans. Established in Virginia in 1607 Caption John Smith was the leader
18
Q
Plymouth Colony
A
Established in 1620, in Massachusetts by pilgrims also know as Separatists because of religious beliefs. sailed from England to the new world on the Mayflower
19
Q
Mayflower Compact
A
agreement signed by all males on the voyage to plan of self-government.
20
Q
Indentured Servants
A
person who agrees to work for another person without pay
21
Q
Anne Hutchinson
A
was a puritan woman who disagreed with the leadership of the Massachusetts Colony. She help establish the colony of Rhode Island
22
Q
Stamp Act
A
English Tax on American Colonist. American colonist had not agreed to be taxed “no taxation without representation”
23
Q
Boston Massacre
A
fight between English soldiers and American Colonists led to 2 death.
One of the lead-up events of the Revolutionary War
24
Q
Crispus Attuck
A
Runaway slave who was killed in Boston Massacre
25
Boston Tea Party
English law let British company sell tea at a low price hurting American
Sons of Liberty dumped English tea into the Boston Harbor
26
Thomas Paine
wrote Pamphlet called Common Sense, published in 1776 which declared independence from great Britain. First work to openly call for American independence from Great Britain
27
Declaration of Independence
Written mostly by Thomas Jefferson passed by Second Continental Congress on July 4, 1776. I declared the independence of 13 American colonies giving reason why they wanted their own country
28
Nathan Hale
volunteered to gather intelligence on the British army. He was executed as a spy in 1776
29
Thomas Jefferson
main author of Declaration of independence and third president of the United State
30
Manifest Destiny
idea that the United States should stretch from the Atlantic ocean to the pacific
Westward expansion
31
James Madison
main author of the United State Constitution in 1787. He was the 4th president
32
Abolitionist
people who want to abolish slavery
33
Sojourner Truth
a former slave was one of the earliest and most passionate female abolitionist . Escaped from her owner in 1920 and by 1940 became a powerful speaker against slavery
34
Underground Railroad
system of slave escape routes
35
Harriet Tubman
born a slave escaped in 1850. She was a conductor on the underground railroad helping 300 to freedom
36
Missouri Compromise
In 1820 was able to join the union but remained a slave state
37
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854 the law that repealed the Missouri compromise people of Kansas and Nebraska could choose
38
Abraham Lincoln
16th president. He signed the emancipation of proclamation-order confederate states to free the slaves.
Delivered the Gettysburg address-the meaning of and the price of liberty.
39
Clara Barton
served as a nurse to wounded Union Soldiers during the civil war
establish the American Red Cross in 1881
40
Reconstruction
after the civil war when the South was rebuilt
41
13th, 14th and 15th amendments are
Reconstruction Amendments
42
Florence Nightingale
founder of modern nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods
43
Homesteaders
People who settled on the great plains between 1862 and 1890 . Homestead Act 1862 any citizen could claim 160 acres
44
Dust Bowl
refers to Great Plains drought of 1930.
| Conservation program was started and farming methods were changed to save land
45
Amelia Earhart
First women to fly solo
46
Franklin D Roosevelt
32nd president
New deal federal supported public work programs help pulled US out of great depression of 1930.
Good neighbor Policy-called for less interference by the US in affairs of countries of Latin America and South America
47
Railroads
important part of the opening of the west
48
Panama Canal
Was opened in 1914. Provided a short cut between Atlantic and pacific ocean
49
Suffrage
having the right to vote (women)
50
Temperance Movement
social movement against the use of alcohol.
18th amendment total abstinence from it
21st amendment repealed Prohibition
51
Carry Nation
Crusader for the temperance movement known by the hatchet she carried to break up saloons
52
W.E.B Dubois
was a teacher and writer who help found the National Association for Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909
53
Jane Addams
Founded of the Hull House providing services in Chicago for new foreign immigrants.
Her efforts with federal child labor laws
Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931
54
Isolationism
is an attitude of remaining separate from other countries
55
Woodrow Wilson
28th president, goals he hoped would establish a peaceful world following World War I. One of the fourteen points called for the creation of a League of Nations
56
Audie Murphy
from Texas known as the most decorated United States combat soldier in World War II.
57
Marshall Plan
Helped rebuild Western Europe following World War II
58
Thurgood Marshall
First African American Supreme Court Justice
Marshall represented the Brown Family in Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka leading to desegregation of the public schools
59
Rosa Parks
Mother of the Civil Rights Movement
60
Martin Luther King, Jr
leader of the civil rights movement. Speech "I Have A Dream"
61
Cesar Chavez
Organized Mexican American and migrant farm worker to win better wages and working condition
62
Neil Armstrong
First person to walk on the moon
63
Statue of Liberty means
friendship, liberty, and hope
64
Caddos (Indians)
were farmer and a ranked social system. They lived in Piney Woods region (coastal Plains region known as east TX)
65
Karankawas (Blackfoot and Sioux)
lived along the Gulf Coast. They were nomads and survived by hunting and gathering.
66
Comanche
lived on the High Plains in what is now the Texas Panhandle. They had horse to hunt buffalo, they are hunters and gathers
67
Pueblo
Lived in far west Texas. Built a great civilization. They were farmers and killed off by the boll weevil
68
Stephen F. Austin
Son of Moses Austin. His family is known as "The Old Three Hundred"
He was an EMPRESARIO an agent who made an arrangement to bring settlers to Texas. Before and after the Texas Revolution with Mexico his is called "The Father of Texas"
69
GTT
Gone to Texas
70
Texas Revolution
- tension between settlers and Mexican government.
| - Battle of Gonzales Oct 2 1835 began the Revolution
71
Battle of the Alamo
March 1836 Santa Anna Mexican army defeated Travis providing the rallying cry for the revolution "Remember the Alamo"
72
Final Battle of the Texas revolution
San Jacinto on April 21. 1836, General Santa Anna surrendered to General Sam Houston. The Treaty of Velasco ended the Texas Revolution
73
Sam Houston
- commander-in-chief of the armies in Texas during the war for independence from Mexico, (Battle of Jacinto on April 21, 1836)
- first president of Texas and served as senator form and governor of the state of Texas
74
Davy Crockett
Frontiers and congressman from Tennessee who moved to Texas after losing an election. He was killed at the Battle of the Alamo March 6th, 1836
75
Buffalo Soldiers
African American United States cavalry soldier who served on the Texas frontier
Name was a sign of respect for their bravery
76
Quannah Parker
Last great chief of the Comanche
77
Miriam Ferguson
First female governor of Texas. She pardoned large numbers of convict, thus reducing money spent on the prison system
78
Cultural Diffusion
spread of ideas, invention or patterns of behavior from one culture to another.
79
Direct Diffusion
contact with one another
80
Indirect diffusion
through electronic technology= television or internet
81
Steps for recognizing Point of View
1. become familiar with the subject
| 2. Be aware of words and phrases that convey feelings or attitudes
82
Recognizing Bias
one sided attitude toward a subject
83
Recognizing Propaganda
any scheme or effort to promote an idea or point of view
84
Primary Source
are records made by people who saw or took part in an event diary
85
Secondary source
material produced by people who didn't actually witness or participate in the event Textbook
86
Glossary
list of terms with pronunciation and definitions
87
Absolute Location
exact location-uses a grid system of latitude and longitude
Latitude is the equator
Longitude is the prime meridian
88
Time zone in United States
6 in US and 24 around the world
89
Natural Regions of Texas
Coastal Plains-East Texas /Coast
North Central Plains-Dallas/Ft. Worth
Great Plains-Panhandle straight down to Rio grand
Mountain and Basins- west Texas/El paso
90
Pull Factor
draw people into an area
91
Push Factor
drive people away from their original location
92
Political Map
features that humans have created (cites, county, or states)
93
Physical Map
Shows the physical features of the earths surface. Land forms/bodies of water
94
Elevation Map
Distance above sea level (mile is 5280ft)
95
Topographic Map
refers to land forms, natural features of landscape. Visualize the steepness of the terrain. Gives shape of the earths surface
96
Map scale
compares a unit of length on the map and unit of distance on the earth
97
Map Legend
Is a key explaining colors and symbols
98
Compass Rose
Shows the cardinal and intermediate direction
99
Continent
There are 7 (north American, south America, Europe Africa, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica)
Continental drift when continent are pulled apart discovered by Wagner
Pangaea when continent are put together
100
Delta
Mouth of a river
| Example Mississippi river in New Orleans
101
Fjord
Long, steep-sided glacial valley filled with sea water
| Example can be found in Alaska and Norway
102
Isthmus
narrow piece of land that connect two larger landmasses
103
Mesa
flat-topped elevated land form with steep sides
104
Savanna
tropical grassland which contains scattered trees
105
Peninsula
body of land surrounded by water on three sides.
| Example Florida is a peninsula
106
Plateau
level, mostly flat, expanse of land that is raised above the adjoining land.
Example-cities of San Angelo, Austin
107
Renewable Resources
Resources that can be replaced naturally or by people
108
Non-renewable Resources
Resources that can NOT be replaced naturally or by humans
109
Desertification
transformation of arable land into desert
| Usually the result of human activity example Dust Bowl in 1930
110
Internal Forces
inside the earth-volcanoes and earthquakes
111
External Forces
surface of the earth-weathering and erosion
112
Plate Tectonics
Theory states that the earth's crust is divided into plates which are continually moving
113
Physical weathering
something physical happens example water freezing that breaks the rock down
114
Chemical weathering
When the chemical makeup changes. Caves are usually caused by chemical weathering
115
Water erosion
Example the Grand Canyon was carved out by the Colorado river
116
Day and Night
earth rotate on its axis once every 24 hours
117
seasons
earth is titled 23.5 degrees which every part is closer to the sun determines the season
118
Year
earth revolves around the sun. One complete time around the sun equals one year
119
Traditional System
Customs. habits. laws, and religious beliefs control decisions
120
Command System
are government control or commands
121
Communism
all property and means of production are collectively owned and directed by the state.
Example Cuba and North Korea formerly Soviet Union
122
Socialism
economic system in which the government owns some factors of production and has a role in determining how goods are produced Example is Sweden
123
Market System
individual control production of goods and distribution of resources
124
Free Enterprise System
Supply, demand, and prices to determine how much produce to produce..
The system proposes that privately owned businesses should have the freedom to operate for a profit and with limited intervention by the government
125
Supply
refers to the amount of goods available
126
Demand
is the desire to want something and pay for it
127
Scarcity
supply of a good does not satisfy the demand for the good. (cause an increase in price)
128
Producer
person or organization that creates goods or services
129
Consumer
person or organization that purchases goods or services
130
Mass Production
way to produce many good at once using interchangeable part to streamline production Example Henry Ford
131
Assembly line
system is when parts of a product are put together as they move down a line of workers
132
Division of Labor
work is divided into separate tasks, each worker does only part of the large job
133
Interchangeable Parts
parts have pieces that are exactly the same making it easier to repair.
134
North American Free Trade Act (NAFTA)
agreement in 1993 between US and Canada/Mexico to reduce tariffs and encourage trade
135
Embargo
prohibition on the import or export of a good
136
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
total value of a country's good and services produced each year
137
Cattle Ranching
began 1600 and 1700s on Spanish land grants along the Rio Grande River. Many of the ranching customs and vocabulary we use today ad their origins in Spain and Mexico
138
Robert Fulton
inventor of Steam boat
139
Joseph Glidden
inventor of barbed wire
140
Louis Pasteur
Invented a heating process (pasteurization) which kilss microorganisms in food
141
Jonas Salk
formulated a vaccine against polio in 1950's
142
Eli Whitney
inventory of cotton gin (which increased slavery)
143
Civil Responsibility
Obligation of citizens to be active, peaceful, loyal, and supportive of the community
144
Democracy
Power is shared by state and national government
| Example US
145
Oligarchy
Few powerful individual hold all the power
| Example China the Chinese Communist Party and Chinese military have the control
146
Totalitarianism
One political group maintains complete control under dictatorship Example Adolph Hitler
147
Monarchy
One single person is the head of the state. Hereditary position Example is United Kingdom
148
Virginia House of Burgesses
was the first representative government in the American Colonies.
Met for the first time at Jamestown on July 30, 1619
149
Mayflower Compact (1620)
Pilgrims agreed to elect their own leader and make their own laws. Planned to self govern
150
Articles of Confederation
Was the first plan for central government for the United State
Included a unicameral or single-chamber congress
151
Shea rebellion
was for individual rights
152
Preamble
told why (constitutions)
153
Articles
Contain 7 Articles That cover general topics such as the branches of government and how laws are passed
154
Copyright Clauses
gives authors and inventors exclusive right to their respective writing and discoverers for a limited of time
155
Full Faith and Credit Clause
says that the state must recognize the laws and judicial decision of the others states
156
1st amendment
free speech and press
157
2nd amendment
bear arms
158
3rd amendment
forbids the government from quartering soldiers in private homes
159
4th amendment
search and seizure
160
5th amendment
double jeopardy
161
6th amendment
right to a speedy trail
162
7th amendment
right to jury
163
8th amendment
bail if a person is awaiting trail
164
9th amendment
Right is not specifically listed in the constitution, that the right doesn't exist
165
10th amendment
division of power between state and federal government
166
13th amendment
Forbids slavery
167
14th amendment
all person born in us are citizens
168
15th amendment
Black mans right to vote
169
19th amendment
women right to vote
170
Popular Sovereignty
the idea that authority for government action comes from the people an the people are the only source for the government's power
171
Due process
Is the Judaical requirement that laws may not contain provision that result in unfair or unreasonable treatment 1. requires notice to the person they are accused of doing something wrong and the governments plans to take action 2. Gives the person the right to be heard concerning the accusation of wrong doing
172
Legislative Branch
is Bicameral or two chamber. They MAKE THE LAWS
173
Great Compromise
House of Representative membership would be based on state population (Texas has 35)
Senate-2 members for every state
174
Executive Branch
Carries out the laws
175
Judicial Branch
settles the difference about meaning of the laws
176
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Helped to define the checks and balances system as set forth in the constitution
177
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
slaves had no rights
178
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Separate but equal or racial segregation
179
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)
desegregation of public schools
180
Star Spangled Banner
America's National Anthem
| Wrote by Francis Scott key at Fort McHenry in Maryland during War of 1812
181
Constitution of the State of Texas
took in effect 1876 has been amended 456 times.
| Both the Texas and US constitution describe 3 branch of government and amendments
182
How many counties does Texas have
254
