Yellow Book Science Flashcards
1
Q
Safety Goggles
A
are worn starting in 3rd grade
2
Q
Hot plate and field nets
A
is used in 5th grade
3
Q
Temporary Magnet
A
Is a magnet that stays magnetized only for a relatively short period of time. Know A nail with cooper wires, the more coils the more magnetic it is
4
Q
Spread sheet
A
is a numerical data collected during a science experiment
5
Q
Non standard units of measurement
A
are inexact and may not be reliable over repeated trails. examples pencils, sticks, and body parts
6
Q
Standard unit of measurement
A
used when precise and reliable measurement are needed
7
Q
A ruler =
A yard stick=
A mile =
Meter=
A
A ruler = 12inches
A yard stick= 3 ft
A mile = 5280f
A meter=39 inches
8
Q
Measuring volume
A
is the amount of space it takes up
Measurements are taken at the bottom of the smile
Using a graduated cylinder
9
Q
Meniscus
A
is the curved appearance of liquid
10
Q
Volume by immersion
A
the volume is the difference Example put water in the container (mark the measurement) drop the rock in the water (mark the measurement) then subtract to find the volume
11
Q
Measuring Temperatures in Celsius and Fahrenheit
A
C =boiling point of water 100, 0 freezing point of water, and -273 absolute zero
F=boiling point of water 212, 32 freezing’s point of water, and absolute zero -459
12
Q
Metric system developed in 1795
A
- easier to convert
2. more accurate
13
Q
Accuracy
A
only as accurate as the tool used to make the measurements
14
Q
Precision
A
degree of exactness of a measurement
15
Q
Circle graph
A
displays data as part of a whole the circle represent 100%
16
Q
Line graph
A
shows the relationship between two variables (data points)
17
Q
Bar graph
A
compares individual pieces of data
18
Q
Concept Maps
A
How ideas are linked together
19
Q
5-E model
A
Engage-post the question Explore-plan or conduct simplex investigation Explain-use data Elaborate-extend strategies Evaluate-demonstrate
20
Q
Formative assessment
A
STAAR test
21
Q
Variables
A
factor that can vary or change during the course of the scientific inquiry
22
Q
Independent or manipulated Variable
A
variable that changed in an experiment
23
Q
Dependent or responding Variable
A
Variable that changes as a result of the manipulation
24
Q
Control Variable
A
held constant throughout the experiment
25
Robert Hooke
took a look through a microscope
26
Galileo Galilei
object fall at the same speed
27
Isaac Newton
Discovered the 3 laws of motion (introducing the concept of gravity)
28
Charles Darwin
evolution by natural selection
29
Gregor Mendel
outlined the methods of heredity/genetics
30
Alfred Wegener
Theory of continental drift
31
Alexander Fleming
notice that mold kills bacteria known as Penicillin first know antibiotic
32
Jonas Salk
introduced first vaccine for polio
33
Maria Mitchell
First black women astronomer
34
Edith Quimby 1891*1982
determined radiation could be used in treatment of cancer
35
Jane Goodall 1934-present
African Gombe chimpanzee
36
Ellen Ochoa 1958-present
First Hispanic female astronaut in 1991
37
renewable energy
one that can be replenished continually
38
non renewable energy
can NOT be replaced within a short period of time, if at all
39
Geothermal
Earth's internal heat
| example geysers
40
hydroelectricity
water going through dams
| hydroelectric plants can generate electricity
41
Solar
sun is an inexhaustible resource
42
Atmospheric cycle
- energy from the sun heats the surface
- Cool air pushes the warm air upward causing a convection current
- Air close tho the earth is heated by conduction
- movement between warm and cold air is the atmospheric cycle
43
Water cycle
Evaporation
Condensation
precipitation
Runoff
44
Rock cycle
melting and cooling=igneous=ex granite
weathering and erosion=sedimentary=ex limestone
compaction and cementation = sediment
heat and pressure=metamorphic=marble
45
Human body systems c30
```
cells
tissues
organs
organs systems
organisms
```
46
open ended question
higher order thinking open ended-Blooms
47
All the planets
My Very Excellent Mother
Just Served Us Nachos
mercury, Venus, earth mars=rocky planets
| Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune=gas planets
48
Summative assessment
are conducted after instruction
49
Gravitational
pulls any two objects toward one another
50
Electrical
pulling or pushing force that exist around charged particles (like charges repel, unlike attract)
51
Magnetic
pulling or pushing force that exists around magnet. This force attracts iron and steel
52
Work
the result of a force moving an object
53
Incline Plane
ramp
54
wedge
nail or an ax
55
Pulley
lowering down into a well of water
56
wheel and axle
car wheel attached to an axle
57
lever
teeter-totter, flat screw driver or hammer
58
Friction
slows the motion of a moving object
59
inertia
the tendency of an object to keep moving if it is in motion or to stay at rest if is not moving (Isaac Newton)
60
Potential Energy
stored energy (remember the car at the top of the hill has the most potential energy)
61
Kinetic Energy
Energy of the motion (remember if a car is going down the hill it has the most kinetic energy right before it J's out)
62
Matter
is anything, living, or non living , that has mass and takes up space
63
```
atoms
protons
neutrons
Nucleus
elements
compound
```
```
atoms-smallest amount of any element
protons-positively charged
neutrons-neutral
Electrons-negatively charged
nucleus-centered part
elements- 109 known
Compounds- two or more elements chemically combined
```
64
Which of the 4 below are elements (this is one of johns questions)
Iron and helium
65
Solid
definite shape and definite volume
66
Liquid
no definite shape by does have definite volume
67
gas
no shape or volume
68
Solid to a gas is
sublimation
69
Gas to a solid is
deposition
70
Conduction
materials ability to transfer heat or electrons
Ex-metal in a good conductor
wood is a insulator
71
Mass
amount of matter that an object has in it
72
volume
amount of space that matter takes up
73
Density
How much mass is in a certain volume matter
74
Weight
measure of the gravitation force acting on an object
75
Measuring Density
D=m/v
76
Combustion
ability of a substance to burn
77
Oxidation
losing an electron causing rusting
78
Physical change
Change in matter involving size, shape, or state with out making a new substance EX wood being sanded
79
Chemical Change
Form new substances with new properties
| ex fried egg, baked cake , rusty nail
80
Mixture
combination of two or more different kinds of matter each keep in its own properties ex garden salad
81
solution
a combination of two or more different kinds of matter in which one substance is dissolved in another
82
Heat
is the energy of the movements of atoms and molecules (more heat more rapid the atoms move)
83
Melting point
changing solid to a liquid
84
Boiling point
changing liquid to a gas
85
freezing point
changing liquid to a solid
86
Electric current
is the continuous flow of negative charges
87
Conductor
is a material through which an electric current can pass easily
88
Insulator
is a material which an electric current does NOT pass through easily Glass plastic and rubber
89
Closed circuit
allows an electric current to flow through the entire circuit
90
Open circuit
Does not allow an electric current to flow
91
Electromagnet
a temporary magnet made when electric current flows through a coiled wire
92
Light
is a form of energy that is visible
93
Transparent Material
light passes through the material
94
Translucent Material
some light passes through, but is difficult to see details
95
Opaque material
no light passes through
96
Reflection
light energy that bounces off of a material
97
Refraction
bending of light rays that often happens when light travel from one substance to another
98
Convex Len
object appear larger ex microscope
99
Concave Len
Object appear smaller ex camera
100
Sound energy
is transferred by the vibration of matter
101
Pitch
the frequency of the moving sound waves
-high frequency waves has a higher pitch than the low frequency wave
High waves are closer together
Low waves are father apart
102
Laws of Conservation of Energy
states that energy is never lost
103
Photosynthesis
green plants transform solar energy into chemical energy (sunlight+water+carbon dioxide= Glucose and oxygen)
104
Conduction
process of conduction when two object touch
| Pan on stove top
105
Convection
process of convection when a gas or liquid is mixed
| when the hot water in a pan rises while cooler water sinks
106
Radiation
when energy is transferred through electromagnetic waves ex-feel the heat coming from the burner
107
Flower
is the reproductive part of a plant
108
Life cycle of Flower
seed
seedling
mature plant
friut
109
Life cycle of the insect
egg
nymph
adult
110
Complete metamorphosis
egg
larva
pupa
adult
111
Pollination
is the movement of pollen from the stamen to the pistil
112
Fertilization
occurs after the pollen grain reaches the pistil
113
sepal
leaf like parts of the flower bud
114
petals
protects the parts of the flowers that makes seeds
115
Stamens
parts that make the pollen
116
pistil
female part of the flower that makes the eggs
117
asexual reproduction
one celled organisms that can reproduce (has both parts)
118
Chromosomes
found in a cells nucleus, 23 pairs and 46 total
119
Gene
Contain the code for all traits an organism inherits
120
Dominant Gene
Prevents the expression of another gene
121
Recessive Gene
is a gene whose expression is prevented by a dominant gene
122
Inherited Trait
is a characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring
123
Instinct
A characteristic that all organisms in the same population inherit (building a nest is a instinct that birds do)
124
Plant roots
Shallow
Taproot
Shallow-catch the rain-cactus
| Taproot-tap into the water supply-carrot
125
Mimicry
is displayed when a harmless animal looks a poisonous animal. think of butterfly
126
Natural selection
living organisms best adapted to their environment will the ones most likely to survive and reproduce and reproduce
127
Selective breeding
the intentional breeding of organism in order to pass in certain desirable trait
128
Mutation
a permanent change in a organism DNA
129
Vertebrate
| Invertebrates
Vertebrate have backbones
Invertebrates do not have backbones
97% of the earth animal are invertebrates
130
Mammals
are warm blooded.
| largest is blue whale smallest is bat
131
Marsupials
are a type of mammal kangaroos and opossum
132
Internal stimulus
comes from inside the organism=feeling hungry
133
External stimulus
comes from outside the organism=temperature change
134
Ecosystem (List)
Individual-single
population-same individual in a group
Community-population in an environment
Ecosystem- community and environment interacting
Habitat-place where an animal lives (food, water, shelter)
Niche-plays a certain role with in that habitat
135
symbiosis
long term relationship in which at least 1 of the organism involved benefits from the relationship
136
Herbivore
only eat plants
137
carnivore
only eat meat
138
Omnivore
eat both meat and plants
139
Scavengers eat
eat dead animals
140
De composers
break down the bodies of dead plants and animal into mineral and nutrients-ex-fungi
141
Predator
an animal that hunts and kills other animal for food
142
prey
the animal that are hunted by predators
143
Tropical rain forest
found near the equator
144
Taiga
forest evergreens such as firs and pines in north America and Eurasia
145
Tundra
the world coldest biome
146
Earth's atmosphere is made up of
76% nitrogen, 20% oxygen, argon, carbon, and helium
147
Layers of the atmosphere
| The Sun Might Turn Evil
```
Troposphere-weather occurs
Stratosphere -planes fly
Mesosphere-meteors enter
Thermosphere-space ship orbits
Exosphere-outer limits
```
148
Ozone
protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation
149
weather is what is happening at a
certain place or particular time
150
Climate refers to weather condition in a
particular location that occur over time
151
Green house effect
the process by which gases in the atmosphere absorb heat from the earth's surface and keep the earth warming.
152
tilt of the earth
23.5 degrees
153
Anemometer
measures the exact wind
154
Barometer
measure air pressure and predicts changes in weather
155
Cold front
has sharp arrow and comes in under the warm air
156
Cumulonimbus Clouds
known as thunderstorm clouds
157
new moon
sun=moon=earth cant see the moon
158
First quarter
half circle (is in between waxing crescent and waxing gibbous)
159
Full moon
Sun=earth=moon can see the moon because of the refection from the sun
160
Last quarter
a half circle(Is in between waning gibbous and waning crescent)
161
Lunar eclipse
SEM Sun earth moon
162
solar
SME Sun Moon Earth
163
asteroids
rocky object orbiting the sun between the planets
164
Comet
a Large chuck of ice, dust, and gas that revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit
165
stars
hot ball of glowing gases
166
Galaxy
billion of stars, dust, and gases held together by gravity
167
milky way
is the galaxy in which our solar system lies
168
what do comet and asteroid have in common
they both orbit the sun
169
Crust
Is a thin, solid, outer layer of the earth
170
Mantle
Is the middle layer of the earth, this layer is thick so hot that some of the rocks have nearly melted
171
Core
At the center of the earth, made up of very hot iron
172
Hydrosphere
Is part of the earths surface that is water, it covers about75% of the earth, it consists of oceans, lakes, streams, and glaciers
173
Lithosphere
Is solid surface of the earth, constants rocks, soil, and minerals
174
Weathering
Is the breaking and changing of rock, rocks can be broken down by air, ice, water, chemicals, and living thing
175
Physical weathering
Breaks rocks apart but does NOT change their substance
176
Chemical weathering
Changes the substance that makes up the rock example acid rain reacts with limestone deep in the earth to from caves
177
Erosion
The moving of weathered rock and soil.Weathering breaks down the rock, the rock is moved by wind, water, and ice
178
Plate tectonics
The theory that state the earth's surface is broken into plates that move
179
Divergent boundary
Plates are moving apart creating earthquakes on land and underwater mountain ranges
180
Convergent boundary involving a continental and oceanic plate
One plate is moving under another. Volcanoes are formed and earthquakes occur
181
Convergent boundary involving two continental plates
Neither plate sinks this causes mountain ranges to from
